摘要
基于历史地图、地形图和遥感影像提取1932年以来,北京主城区城市空间扩张,以及建筑密度空间信息。从城市土地利用扩张特征、建筑密度变化特征以及驱动机制三个方面分析北京城市土地利用扩张过程。研究表明:1984年前,北京城市呈现缓慢增长趋势。1984-1992年在市场经济驱动下,北京进入了第一次大规模快速的扩张阶段。1992-2000年间,由于我国出台了最为严格的耕地保护政策,这一时段城市空间扩张有所放缓。2000-2007年受北京城市建设规划、2008年奥运会场馆建设的影响,北京城市进入了有史以来,最快的扩张阶段。北京城市呈现单中心低密度蔓延,1982年前,城市扩张形态以相对较高的建筑密度紧凑扩张模式为主,1982年以来,呈现严重的低密度蔓延态势,特别是2000-2007年城市在5-6环之间"摊大饼"式与"遍地开花"式低密度蔓延问题更为突出。北京城市空间扩张是重大事件与人口、社会经济等因素共同驱动的结果。而且重大事件驱动对于长时间序列城市空间扩张作用更为突出。
This study identifies the process of urban expansion and building density since 1932 using a combine of technology of RS and GIS. Urban expansion characteristics, urban land change from different building densities and its driving mechanism are analyzed. The results indicate that Yuan dynasty symbolizes the important stage of the be- ginning of urban development and construction. But the basic configuration of Beijing City was formed in Ming and Qing dynasty. Beijing City grew at a slow rate before 1984, and then the city began the first fast expansion under the socialist market economy during 1984 - 1992. Due to the implementation of the most severe farmland protection pol- icy to prevent overheated real estate swallowing farmland in China, the urban expansion rate slowed down during 1992 -2000. Beijing City has the fastest expansion rate after 2000 as a result of global economy development, Bei- jing urban planning and the Olympic Games in 2008. Urban land area per person has been gradually rising since 1956. Beijing City grew with relative high-density compact mode before 1984. But urban expansion indicates low- density sprawl trends after 1984 ,especially with ＂pie-like＂ form along the 5th and the 6th ring roads. The process of urban expansion shows the significant events, population growth and economic development are the most driving factors,in which the significant event is more prominent one. Highway construction and relative low land price in urban fringe area are the most important factors to accelerate urban low-density sprawl.
出处
《地球信息科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第4期428-435,共8页
Geo-information Science
基金
中国-瑞典国际合作项目(2006-24724-44416-13)
中国科学院资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室开放研究基金项目(CA0725)
关键词
城市扩张
建筑密度
驱动机制
北京市
urban expansion
building density
driving mechanism
Beijing City
