摘要
采用盆栽试验,研究了不同供钾水平下不同生育时期水分状况对大豆产量及品质的影响。结果表明:除营养生长期涝害能一定程度上增加蛋白质含量外,开花期和结荚期土壤干旱或涝害胁迫均降低了蛋白质及脂肪的含量;钾肥有提高大豆脂肪、降低蛋白质含量的趋势,但只有在水分供应适宜时,钾肥效果才显著。各生育时期土壤干旱或涝害胁迫均影响大豆产量的形成,但干旱引起的减产程度要大于涝害。干旱胁迫对各生育时期引起的减产程度表现为:结荚期>开花期>营养生长期;而涝害胁迫对各生育时期所引起的减产程度则是相近的。无论何生育时期控水,本试验中产量最优的处理是W 2K3(适宜水分+0.136 gK2O/kg土),而经济系数最优的处理是CK(适宜水分+0.068 g K2O/kg土)。钾肥能促进大豆子粒产量的形成,但只有在营养生长期控水条件下,钾肥才显著地影响大豆产量的形成,而开花期、结荚期控水,钾肥的产量效应并不显著;开花期、结荚期控水条件下,水钾互作都显著地影响大豆子粒产量的形成,但营养生长期控水条件下水钾互作对大豆产量的影响未达到显著差异。
Soybean yield and quality are sensitive to soil moisture. Potassium fertilizer application may enhance the effect of soil moisture on the quality and biomass/seed yield of soybean at different growth stages, but few reports have focused on it. In this study, pot - experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of water - potassium coupling on quality and biomass/seed yield of soybean. Three water supply levels and three potassium fertilizer application levels were applied at vegetative stage （ V2 - R1 ）, flowering stage （ R1 - R3 ） and podding stage （R3- R5 ）, respectively. The results showed that soil waterlogging at vegetative stage increased soybean protein content to a certain extent, however, both soil drought and waterlogging stress reduced the percentage of soybean protein/oil on other growth stages. Potassium fertilizer was beneficial to protein accumulation but not to oil accumulation, indicating that potassium fertilizer played an important role only when soil water content was suitably supplied. For all the stages, both drought and waterlogging conditions were found to decrease the yield of soybean, in which drought condition reduced the yield more significantly. The negative effect of soil drought condition at different stages on soybean yield showed in the order： podding stage 〉 flowering stage 〉 vegetative stage, and soil waterlogging had the similar negative effect on soybean yield. W2K3 was the treament with the highest biomass accumulation, and CK was the one with the optimal economic coefficient at all time for all the stages. In general, the soy bean seed yield increased with increasing application of potassium fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer have the positive effect on soybean seed yield when the soil water content was controlled at vegetative stage, however, no effect was observed when the soil water content was controlled at flowering stage and podding stage. The interactive effect of water x potassium fertilizer on soybean seed yield was not found when water was controlled at vegetative stage, whereas the effect was significant as water was controlled at flowering stage and podding stage.
出处
《中国油料作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第3期359-364,共6页
Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD05B052006BAD21B01)
关键词
水钾耦合
生育时期
大豆
产量
品质
Water - potassium coupling
Growth stages
Soybean
Yield
Quality
