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纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌对犊牛断奶前后瘤胃发酵和酶活的影响 被引量:27

Effect of Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis Natto on Ruminal Fermentation and Activity of Enzymes
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摘要 本试验旨在研究纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌在犊牛瘤胃中可能的作用机理。选取24头7日龄左右中国荷斯坦奶牛公犊牛,分为试验1、2组及对照组。试验1、2组犊牛直接饲喂N1型和Na型纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌菌液,对照组不饲喂菌液,当各组犊牛开食料采食量达到规定要求时断奶。断奶时每组随机选取4头犊牛屠宰,剩余12头犊牛继续饲喂,8周后屠宰。结果表明:①在断奶时及断奶后8周,试验1组犊牛瘤胃pH显著低于对照组和试验2组(P<0.05);②断奶时及断奶后8周两处理组犊牛瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸显著低于对照组(P<0.05);断奶早期3组犊牛瘤胃食糜中乙酸的摩尔百分比差异不显著,而断奶后8周试验1组犊牛瘤胃中乙酸的摩尔百分比较对照组低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,断奶时试验组犊牛瘤胃中丙酸的摩尔百分比显著降低(P<0.05),而断奶后8周各组间无显著差异;③断奶早期试验2组犊牛瘤胃中氨氮浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验1组氨氮浓度较对照组略低,但无显著差异;断奶后8周两处理组犊牛瘤胃中氨氮浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);④整个试验期对照组犊牛瘤胃中性蛋白酶活性显著高于两试验组(P<0.05),而外切葡聚糖酶活性显著低于两试验组(P<0.05),各组犊牛瘤胃中β-葡萄糖苷酶和内切葡聚糖酶活性无显著差异。本试验说明在犊牛生长的不同时期,不同类型纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌的饲喂效果不尽相同。日粮中添加纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌有利于瘤胃的发育,从而促进犊牛生长。 Two types of Bacillus subtilis natto culture(Na,N1) were added to the milk/starter/feed to evaluate effects on the fermentation of rumen and the enzyme activity.24 Holstein bull calves of(7±1) d of age were divided into three treatments: Calves in treatment 1 were fed with the N1 type of Bacillus subtilis natto culture;treatment 2 with Na type of Bacillus subtilis natto culture,control group with none of those two types of culture.The calves were fed with milk supplemented with the Bacillus subtilis Natto,and starter diet was also fed to the calves until weaning.Calves were weaned until their intake of starter was up to 2% of their weight,and four calves were slaughtered randomly after weaning.Other calves were fed with the basal diet with or without Bacillus subtilis natto cultures as before and the calves were slaughtered eight weeks after weaning.The results were as follows:① compared with the control and treatment 2,the pH values in the rumen of the calves in treatment 1 were significantly lower(P〈0.05).② The concentration of VFA in the rumen of calves in treatment 1 and 2 was remarkably lower than the control group.No difference was observed in the molar percentage of acetic acid among the three groups after weaning,but eight weeks later,the molar percentage of acetate acid was significantly lower in the N1 group than that in the control(P〈0.05).On the contrary,there was remarkable difference in the molar proportions of propionic acid at the time of weaning compared to the control(P〈0.05),but no differences existed among the three groups eight weeks after weaning.③ At the time of weaning,the mean NH3-N concentrations in treatment 1 and 2 were lower and significantly lower than that in the control group,respectively.Furthermore,the mean NH3-N concentrations in the two supplemented treatments were dramatically lower than the control eight weeks after weaning(P〈0.05).④The activity of protease was higher in the control group than in the other two treatments throughout the whole experiment(P〈0.05),however,that of exoglucanase was significantly lower(P〈0.05),although no difference was observed on the activity of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase among those three groups.The experiment instructed that the effects of different types of Bacillus subtilis Natto on cows at different stages verified.Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis Natto was beneficial for the development of rumen in calves,which promote the growth of the calves.
出处 《中国畜牧兽医》 CAS 北大核心 2009年第12期5-11,共7页 China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
基金 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所青年基金项目(2009qn-8) 动物营养学国家重点实验室自主研究课题(2004DA125184(团)0801)
关键词 纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌 犊牛 挥发性脂肪酸 瘤胃发酵 酶活 Bacillus subtilis Natto calves volatile fatty acid rumen fermentation enzyme activity
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