摘要
选择我国北方某地区居民(2 500人)开展皮肤暴露参数及与水介质相关的主要暴露活动、频率等研究.结果表明:该地区成年人皮肤总表面积为1.68 m2,男性和女性分别为1.75和1.62 m2.不同部位皮肤体表面积在不同年龄段有所不同,儿童期头部所占比例较大,且随年龄增加所占比例逐渐降低,腿等下肢则与此相反,所占比例随年龄增加而增加.不同的暴露情景和季节,皮肤暴露面积也不同.不同年龄段不同性别人群涉水活动频率及类型有所不同,成年人各种涉水活动频率的性别间差异较大,男性涉水时间较短,且以洗澡为主(占51%),其次为洗手、洗脸、洗衣服、洗头等,分别占总涉水时间的12%,12%,9%和9%;而女性涉水活动较为复杂,且所占比例相对均衡,洗衣服所占比例最高(占29%),洗澡所占比例相对较少,为23%,洗碗、洗菜等家务劳动所占比例也较多,分别为16%和13%,其余个人洗刷频率与男性差别不大.鉴于我国人群皮肤暴露参数长期缺失的不利现状,建议进一步开展基于我国人群的大规模相关研究,以填补我国在该项研究中的空白.
Two thausand and five hundred people in Miyang County in Henan province were selected as research subjects for this study. Their water-related activities and other dermal exposure factors were acquired by questionnaires and field measurements. Skin surface area of adults in this area is 1.68 m2. The surface areas of males and females are 1.75 and 1.62 m2, respectively. Additionally, surface area of different body parts varied with aging. The ratio of head to total body surface area was highest at the youngest age, and decreased with aging. In contrast, the ratio of lower extremities showed inverse variation, increasing with aging. The exposed dermal areas vary a little in different situations and in different seasons. Water-related activities and frequencies vary in subject groups with different ages and genders. The water-related activities of adults show significant gender differences, with the male adults spending less time. The time percentages for major water-related activity of the male adults are 51% for bathing, 12% for hand- washing, 12% for face-washing, 9% for clothes-washing, and 9% for head-washing. The time percentages for major water-related activity of the female adults are relatively complicated and equivalent： 29% for clothes-washing, 23% for bathing, 16% for dishwashing and 13% for vegetable-washing. It is suggested to carry out further studies on dermal exposure factors for Chinese people because of the absence of data.
出处
《环境科学研究》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第1期55-61,共7页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2007KYYW13)
国家环保公益性行业科研专项(200809101)
关键词
暴露参数
水
活动频率
皮肤暴露
健康风险
exposure factor
water
activity
dermal exposure
human health risk
