摘要
运用河流阶地发育与地文期的理论分析了豫西黄河—洛河地区的地质背景、气候特点和古地理环境,探讨了研究区的石山、黄土和河流地貌特征。提出:1)嵩山、熊耳山和外方山发育有四级古夷平面。嵩山的垂直地貌特征表现为以嵩山为中心,呈中山、低山、丘陵和河谷平原的地貌格区。2)河洛地区三门峡孟津段黄河有四级阶地,均为基座阶地。第Ⅰ级阶地面拔河20 m,厚度2 m,上覆10 m厚黄土,其中冲积黄土厚5 m;第Ⅱ级阶地面河拔60 m,砾石层河拔40 m,厚度3 m,上覆8 m厚的冲积黄土和12 m厚的马兰黄土;第Ⅲ级阶地面河拔140 m,厚5 m,上覆20 m厚的冲积黄土和25 m厚的马兰黄土;第Ⅳ级阶地面河拔290 m,其通过黄土台塬、黄土丘陵与石质山地相连。Ⅰ—Ⅳ级阶地的基座均为Q_1三门组和Q_2陕县组地层。以最高一级阶地的出现为依据,说明本段黄河形成于晚更新世早中期,较兰州段黄河和晋陕段黄河晚。3)洛河有三级阶地,第Ⅰ级阶地面距河面5～25 m,砾石层上有8～10 m厚的冲洪积、坡积红色松散物;第Ⅱ级阶地面距河面50～65 m,砾石层上有15～20 m的洪积物覆盖;第Ⅲ级阶地面河拔95～115 m,砾石层厚20 m左右,其上覆盖5 m厚的洪积、坡积及5 m厚的马兰黄土。4)在研究颖水河谷平原(登封盆地)河流阶地地貌时,发现塑造盆地的堆积阶地有三级,距河面高程分别是300～320,370～400,450～500 m。在伊洛河下游盆地,有非常发育的河曲,是黄河中下游平原地貌长期发育和演化的产物。5)突破已有看法,认为可把范围在郑州以西、汜水镇以东,荥阳县城以北至黄河河岸的大片地区划分为残塬成因的黄土地形。
Based on the theory of river terrace development and physiography, the geological characteristics, climate, and paleo-geographical environment of the Huanghe and Luohe area in western Henan were analyzed, and the structure and characteristics of the stone mountainous landform, loess and fluvial geomorphology were observed and studied. The research results indicate that： 1） There are four planation surfaces developed in Songshan, Xiong＇ershan and Waifangshan Mountains. Songshan shows the vertical geomorphologic characteristics, and around it the geomorphologieal patterns are as the middle mountain, lower mountain, hills and fluvial plain. 2） In the Mengjin section of Yellow River, there are four strath terraces that have developed in the valley. The first terrace is about 20 m above the water level, the gravel bed with thickness of 2 m which is about 10 m above the water level, and the loess level overlaid on it is about 10 m in thickness including one 5 m alluvial loessal coverage. The second terrace is about 60 m above the water level and the gravel bed located on the basal seat about 40 m above the water level which is 3 m in thickness and is covered with alluvial loess 8 m thick and Malan loess 12 m thick. The relative height of the third terrace is about 140 m, the gravel bed about 5 m in thickness which is about 140 m above the water level and which is also covered wtih alluvial loess 20 m thick and Malan loess 25 m thick. The fourth terrace is about 290 m above the water level and it connects the loessal tableland, loessal hills and stone mountains. The bases of the four terraces are the Sanmen group which developed during Q1 and Shanxian group which developed during Q2. Depending on the development and distribution of the fourth terrace, the Heluo section of Yellow River formation was later than the Lanzhou section of Yellow River and Shanxi-Shannxi section of Yellow River. 3） Three terraces have developed in Luohe River, the first one is about 5-25 m above the water level, with 8-10 m alluvial deposits overlaid on the gravel bed, the second terrace is about 50-65 m above the water level and is covered by 5 m thick alluvial deposits, the third terrace is about 95-0115 m above the water level, the gravel bed is about 20 m in thickness with a 5 m alluvial deposit and 5 m Malan loess overlaid on it. 4） When studying the river terrace of Yingshui valley plain, we found that there were three fill-cut terraces whose relative heights are 300~320, 370~400, and 450-500 m respectively. In the lower reaches of Yiluohe basin, there are quite developed cutoffs, which are the product of plain landform development and evolution. 5） Breaking through the traditional opinions, we think that a large area which is between western Zhengzhou, eastern Sishui town, northern Yingyang county seat to the Yellow River bank should be ascribed to the remainder tableland of loess.
出处
《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第1期40-47,共8页
Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)
基金
云南省自然科学基金项目(2008 CD 073)
国家自然科学基金项目(40871018)
关键词
三位一体地貌系统
地貌分析
地文学
古地理环境
河洛地区
trinitarian landform system
geomorphological system analysis
physiography
paleo-geographic environment
Heluo area
