摘要
运用引力模型分析环境规制的贸易效应的文献可以分为三类:考察总体的环境规制严度对双边贸易流量总量的影响,不针对行业和具体产品;考察某行业的环境规制严度对该行业双边贸易流量的影响,不针对具体产品;考察具体的环境规制措施对相关产品的进出口的影响。其环境规制严度的测度有横向赋值法、横向指数法及限量法。本文采用引力模型,对我国空调、显示器、真空吸尘器、电吹风机、微波炉1990年至2006年向欧盟十国的年度出口量进行面板数据分析,合并考察欧盟EMC、ROHS与WEEE及生态标签对我国家电产品出口是否产生壁垒效应。本文拓展出环境规制严度变量的纵向赋值法,按规制措施的影响强弱对环境规制严度变量赋予不同的增加幅度,在时间序列数据中如何对先后实施多项环境规制措施进行计量分析的问题取得突破。结果显示:所考察的欧盟环境规制措施对我国五种家电产品的出口已构成绿色贸易壁垒。这一结果为欧盟环境规制构成绿色壁垒的论断提供了经验分析的证据。
Literature that examines the trade effects of environmental regulations by using gravity model can be classified into three categories： those examine the effects of overall stringency of environmental regulation （SER） on the bilateral aggregate trade flow, not directed towards specific industries or products, those examine the effects of SER on bilateral trade flow for specific industry, not directed towards specific products, and those examine the effects of specific environmental regulations on the import and export of relevant products. The measuring of SER carried out by the existing literature includes approaches of horizontally assigned value, horizontal index, and minimum value. By using gravity model, Panel Data analysis is conducted by this article for China＇ s air conditioning, computer monitor, vacuum cleaner, electrical hairstyling, and microwave oven exported to ten of the European Union （EU） member countries from the year of 1990 to 2006, in order to investigate whether EU＇ s environmental regulations ROHS, EMC, WEEE, and eco-labeling have trade barrier effect on China＇ s export of electrical apphanees. By developing an approach of vertically assigned value to measure SER, the SER is assigned various values added according to the strength of the impact of environmental regulation on the electrical appliance export, and hence a breakthrough has been achieved regarding the econometric analysis in time series on more than one enviroumental regulation measures adopted at ditferent time. The result shows that the questioned EU＇ s environmental regulation measures have constituted green barrier of trade to the questioned electrical appliances exported from China. An evidence based on empirical test is provided by this result to support the argument that EU＇s environmental regulations do constitute green barrier of trade.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第3期136-142,共7页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
2009年度国家社会科学基金项目"欧盟战略性环境政策对我国产品出口的影响及我国绿色贸易壁垒应对机制研究"(09BGJ018)
华中科技大学2008年"教学质量工程"第二批教学研究项目"经济学科本科生科研支持与服务研究"(校教【2008】42号)共同资助
关键词
欧盟环境规制
绿色贸易壁垒
中国家电出口
EU＇ s environmental regulation
green barrier of trade
China＇ s export of electrical appliances
