摘要
采用调查、类比、室内模拟和野外试验示范相结合的方法，１９９１～１９９５年对平朔安太堡露天煤矿土地扰动特征和生态重建适用技术进行了研究．结果表明，原有地层被１００～１５０ｍ的岩土混乱排弃层所代替，形成了典型的人工松散堆积地貌———排土场；原有地面形态被平盘与边坡相间的梯状地形所代替，５～１０年间非均匀沉降剧烈，边坡不稳；原有地表土壤被黄土类母质和石砾状物质所代替，土体容重＞１．６ｇ·ｃｍ－３，根系穿透阻力３０～６０ｋｇ·ｃｍ－３，有机质含量＜４．０ｇ·ｋｇ－１；原有植被破坏后不易恢复，土壤侵蚀模数＞１５０００ｔ·ｋｍ－２·ａ－１，比原地貌大３３％．生态重建适用技术体系包括５项工程复垦技术和３项生物复垦技术．
With the combination of investigation, analogy, simulation, field test and demonstration, the characteristics of land disturbance and the suitable techniques for ecological rehabilitation at Pingshuo Antaibao Opencut Coal Mine were studied from 1991 to 1995. The original geological strata was substituted by a disorder derelict layer of rocks and loess with 100～150m height, resulting in the formation of typical artificial loose piled landforms, namely dumps. The original topographic appearance was substituted by terraced slopes, resulting in severe uneven subsidence during 5～10 years and instability of steep slopes. The original surface soil was substituted by loess typed parent material and stone shaped materials, resulting in soil bulk density >1.6g·cm -3 , resistance coefficient to plant roots 30～60kg·cm -3 , and organic matter content < 4.0 g·kg -1 . After the original vegetation destroyed, it was very difficult to restore the original vegetation, resulting in soil erosion index >15000t·km -2 ·yr -1 ,33% greater than that of original topography. The suitable technological systems for ecological rehabilitation include five engineering and three biological reclamation techniques.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
1998年第6期621-626,共6页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家"八五"重点科技攻关项目
关键词
黄土区
露天煤矿
扰动土地
生态重建
复垦
Loess area, Opencut coal mine, Disturbed land, Ecological rehabilitation.
