摘要
分析200多篇关于汶川地震的文献，包括涉及现场急救的文献20多篇，总结了现场急救的经验教训。汶川地震后最先到达现场的医疗队需要处理的问题是心跳呼吸骤停、严重颅脑损伤、气胸、活动性出血、骨折，地震次13搜救出来的幸存者均有中重度脱水。2d以后到达的医疗队接诊伤员90％以上为骨科伤员。地震现场开始时秩序混乱，专业、高效的救援力量有限。榆伤分类不及时、不准确，有限的医疗资源不能得到合理利用，重症伤员不能及时得到救治。重症颅脑损伤和挤压综合征是急救现场死亡的重要原因之一。建议实行三级救治：一级救治（现场急救）、二级救治（前方医院救治）、三级救治（后方医院救治），实施快速检伤分类，救援队应携带便携的CT机、生化仪、血液透析仪，搭建有针对性的急诊手术平台。
More than 200 literatures about the Wenchuan Earthquake, including more then 20 about first aid in the earthquake sites, were analyzed and related experience and lessons were thus summerized. The earliest arriving medical team had to treat the medical problems of cardiopuhnonary arrest, severe eraniocerebral injury, pneumothorax, active bleeding, fracture, and crush syndrome. All the survivors rescued on the second day suffered from mederate to severe dehydration. More than 90% of the wounded persons treated by the medical teams arriving 2 days after the earthquake were patients with fracture. Not long after the quake the work at the site was in a mess, and there was a shortage of specialized and highly-efficient medical rescuers. Triage was not timely and accurate. Limited resources were not reasonably utilized. The severely wounded persons failed to be treated in time. Craniocerebral injury and crush syndrome were among the main causes of death in the site of emergency treatment. It is suggested to establish a system of three-level rescue and treatment： first level （field first aid）, second level （treatment in the front hospital）, and third level （treatment in the rear hospital）. Rapid and effective triage should be conducted. The medical rescue teams should be equipped with portable CT machine, biochemical analyzer, and hemodialyzer. Specialized emergent operation platforms should be set up.
出处
《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》
2010年第4期312-315,共4页
China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine
基金
首都发展科研基金（2007-2038）
关键词
汶川地震
现场急救
Wenehuan Earthquake
Field first aid
