摘要
学术界对全新世CO_2浓度在8kaB.P.后逐步回升的原因有诸多看法。合理估算全新世人类土地利用对陆地生态系统碳储量的影响,是理解上述问题的主要途径之一。然而,史前土地利用面积的估算和空间分布常因数据缺乏而成为研究的难点。本文基于前人的半定量考古遗址预测模型,建立了一个估算史前土地利用碳循环的模型。它以遗址的环境和古文化参数作为输入数据,实现土地利用面积和空间分布的恢复,进而获得人类土地利用导致的陆地生态系统碳储量的时空变化。利用现代土地利用数据的检验模拟表明,模型具有较好的空间模拟能力。将该模型应用于我国旱作农业起源中心之一的伊洛河流域,揭示出仰韶文化前期(7～6kaB.P.)该流域内约7%的土地被人类开发利用,主要分布于下游河流两岸坡度较缓的低地;该过程导致流域碳储量损失了约15TgC(1Tg=10^(12)g),占流域总碳库的3%。因此,人类活动在史前时期已较明显改变了地表景观,并对陆地生态系统碳循环产生了一定的影响。
There have been different viewpoints about atmospheric CO2 increase since 8kaB. P. Rational estimation of impact of land use on carbon storage of the terrestrial ecosystem during the Holocene is crucial to understanding these viewpoints. Up to now, it has been a difficult issue to reconstruct the amount and spatial distribution of prehistoric land use because lack of data. In this study,a new quantitative prehistoric land use and carbon cycle model（PLCM） was developed on the basis of a formal semi-quantitative archaeological predictive model. The PLCM is driven by inputting the environmental （ location, elevation, slope, aspect, distance to water system and soil type, etc. ） and cultural （ area, population, grain demand, yield and fallow period, etc. ） parameters obtained from archaeology sites, and then outputs the spatial distribution of prehistoric land use and the change of carbon storage induced by land use. The PLCM is composed of four sub-models： the residential area distribution sub-model,the land use and need sub-model, the land use spatial distribution sub-model, and the carbon storage estimating sub- model. Application of the PLCM in Yiluo valleys, one of the sources of the dry farm system in Northern China, reveals that 7% of the land area was used by human activity in early Yangshao Culture （7 - 6kaB. P. ） , most of which were distributed on gentle slopes in the middle and lower valleys. Such a distribution of the used land represented strong dependence on slope,elevation and water. This land use process led to the terrestrial carbon loss of about 15Tg C,accounting for 3% of the whole terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage.
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第3期540-549,共10页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(批准号:KZCX2-YW-Q1-15)
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40730104)
中国科学院百人计划项目资助
关键词
碳储量
人类活动
仰韶文化
全新世中期
carbon storage, human activity, Yangshao Culture, Middle Holocene
