摘要
北极地区面积巨大,自然气候条件恶劣,地质和构造演化情况复杂,总体勘探程度较低,美国地质调查局的评价显示北极具有丰富的油气资源。文德纪贝加尔(Baikalian)、晚泥盆纪埃尔斯米尔(Ellesmerian)和中白垩世布鲁克(Brookian)造山运动是东北冰洋地区古生代地层和变形历史中的3次主要构造事件。总体来讲,包括巴伦支海及西伯利亚北部的大部分地区,三叠纪至侏罗纪表现出区域沉降的特征,这期间北极地区沉积了主要的烃源岩和储层。古近纪—新近纪的陆内变形与太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关,印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞,北大西洋的张裂对北极地区的圈闭形成起到了重要的作用。西伯利亚盆地北部海域基本上还是前沿地区,白垩系上阿普特阶至赛诺曼阶波库尔Pokur组是最有潜力的层段,还有一些未钻的、巨大的背斜干气藏,同时存在寻找大规模岩性油气藏的潜力。中—下侏罗统大型气田是将来重要的潜在勘探目标之一。东巴伦支海在恶劣的自然条件下,勘探潜力主要在于侏罗系未钻和部分勘探的反转背斜上,寻找储量巨大、构造简单的、具有商业开采价值的气藏及凝析油藏的几率并不是很大。东格陵兰裂谷盆地储层和烃源岩发育层段多,寻找断块圈闭的机会巨大。技术进步、气候变暖和资源所在地区的政治无争议性,为北极地区油气开采提供了机遇;但油价的多变性、地质上的不确定性和生态的脆弱性是北极地区油气有效开发的巨大挑战。
The Arctic Regions have large area,harsh natural climatic conditions,complicated geological and tectonic evolution conditions and low-level gross exploration.The assessment made by the United States Geological Survey(USGS) shows that the Arctic Regions have abundant oil and gas resources.Vendian Baikalian,Late Devonian Ellesmerian,and Middle Cretaceous Brookian orogeneses are the three major tectonic events in the Paleozoic stratigraphy and deformation history of the Eastern Arctic Region.In general,the period from Triassic to Jurassic in Branchian Sea and most areas of Northern Siberia is characterized by tectonic subsidence,during the period major hydrocarbon sources rocks and reservoirs deposited in the Arctic Regions.Intercontinental deformation of Paleogene-Neogene is related to the Pacific plate subduction,the Indian plate collides with the Eurasian plate,and the North Atlantic rifting plays an important role in the trap formation of the Arctic Regions.Northern waters of the Siberian Basin are essentially forward areas,the Pokur group between the Upper Aptian Stage and the Cenomanian State of Cretaceous has the greatest potential,many huge anticlinal gas reservoir have not been drilled,and at the same time there is great potential in discovering large-scale lithologic oil and gas reservoirs.Middle and Lower Jurassic large gas fields are one of the important potential exploration targets.Due to the harsh natural conditions,the exploration potential of the eastern Branchian Sea mainly concentrates in the Jurassic inversion anticlines which have not been drilled and partly explored,so it is almost improbable to find gas pools and condensate pools with huge reserves,simple structure,and of commercial exploitation value.Many reservoirs and hydrocarbon source rocks developed in the East Greenland Rift Basin,and there are huge potential to find fault block traps.The Arctic Regions are peaceful politically,which provides opportunities for oil and gas exploitation in the region.However,the oil price volatility,the geological uncertainty and ecological vulnerability are great challenges to the Arctic oil and gas development.
出处
《中国石油勘探》
CAS
2010年第3期73-82,共10页
China Petroleum Exploration
基金
中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大专项"全球油气资源评价"(2008E-0500)
关键词
北极
油气资源
勘探潜力
机遇与挑战
Arctic
oil and gas resource
exploration potential
opportunity and challenge
