摘要
30年的改革开放，中国走出了一条独特而又紧密关联的工业化与城市化道路。一方面，中国借助高效率的工业用地审批制度快速承接了全球加工制造业的转移，获得了“世界工厂”的全球分工地位；另一方面，乡镇企业和开发区作为承载工业化的主要平台，形成了被动的粗放式的“城镇化”。这一独特道路内在地规定了中国的经济结构和发展方式，也导致了“后危机”时代的困境。经济结构调整内在地要求社会人口结构、产业结构和消费结构变化，要求目前仍占大多数的农业人口主动融入现代工业社会。农耕效率的提高和农业生产的集中是主动城市化的生产力基础，推动着农村居住模式走向集中化，从而形成了中国特色的主动城市化之路：农民向乡镇集中居住、乡镇在产业升级过程中提升城市功能、中小城市与核心城市形成专业化分工协作的城市群系统。主动城市化需要低成本、高效率的城市基础设施供给机制，而不是成本高昂的特大城市建设模式。这一长期过程中更需要土地财产制度、社会保障制度、城市规划制度、产业制度以及社会管理制度等的系列配套。
In the past 30-year reform,China has found a path to industrialization and urbanization,both being unique but closely related. On the one hand,approval process of land use for industry is so easy that China turns quick to the so-called World Factory; on the other hand,town and township enterprises (TTEs) and development zones,being the major platform for industrialization of this sort,have been urbanized in a passive and coarst way. While this unique path naturally determines the economic structure and development ways in China,it is also responsible for the current 'post-crisis' doldrums. Therefore,changes in economic structure require not only corresponding changes in other structures,such as demographic,industrial and consumption ones,but also the necessity for the current rural population to be merged into industrial population. The improvement of farming efficiency and clustering of agricultural production provide a base for active urbanization and naturally lead to the clustering of dwellings in rural areas,paving a unique way to the urbanization with Chinese characteristics,i.e. farmers move to live in towns; town and township help to improve the urban function of a metropolis; specialization and collabration in industry have been formed between the small-and-medium sized satellite towns and their nuclear city. It is critical what an active urbanization needs is low-cost but highly-efficient urban infrastructures,rather than expensive and fancy ones as can be seen in a huge metropolis. The active urbanization should be garanteed by the well-being in such institutions as of estate property,social security,city planning,industrial structuring and social management.
出处
《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第4期54-65,共12页
Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(08AJY010)
