摘要
随着人们对环境问题的日益关注,政府出台了大量的环境规制政策来缓解经济发展与环境污染之间的矛盾,以求达到经济的可持续发展。针对政府的环境规制,许多学者对此进行了大量的研究。但是从宏观层面对我国整体环境规制效率进行研究的文献还比较少,而且多数学者都是利用环境治理来代替环境规制作为变量对其绩效进行测度的。本文从环境规制工具、环境规制效应以及环境规制绩效评估三方面对国内外的文献进行了梳理和评述。就研究方法来看,目前在环境规制效果评价方面多用的是层次分析法,而在环境规制效率评价方面多用的是DEA方法,就分析结果来看,环境规制工具主要有"命令—控制"型环境规制工具和市场化环境规制工具两类,前者相比较后者在节约成本方面具有较多的优越性,但却缺乏技术激励;严格的环境规制可以促使企业进行技术创新,但却对FDI的流入产生抑制作用,且对产业绩效的影响还不能确定;目前我国环境规制水平无论从效果角度还是从效率角度来看都不是很高,且省域间的差距较大,但从长远来看却呈现出逐年上升的趋势。
With people＇s growing concern for environmental problems,plenty of environmental regulations and policies have been released by the government to relieve the contradiction between economic development and environmental pollution and to achieve the sustainable economic development.Many scholars have conducted extensive researches on the government＇s environmental regulation.The literature about China＇s environmental regulation efficiency from macro perspective is insufficient;most scholars use environmental governance as the variable to measure the environmental regulation performance instead of environmental regulation.This paper commented on the literature at home and abroad from three aspects of tools,effects and performance of environmental regulation.Most scholars used AHP method to evaluate the effects of enviromental regulation and DEA methods to evaluate the efficiency of environmental regulation.The results show that the ＂command-control＂ and the market-oriented are the two types of environmental regulation instruments.The former owns more advantages on cost-saving,but lacks technology incentive.The strict environmental regulation can encourage the enterprise to innovate technology,but restrict the flow of FDI,and the influences of environmental regulation on the industry performance are uncertain.At present,China＇s environmental regulation level is not high enough,and the gap among provinces is large,but in the long term the level will be improved year after year.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第9期70-77,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
"陕西省重点学科建设专项资金资助项目"的支持
关键词
环境规制
效应
绩效评估
述评
environmental regulation
effect
performance evaluation
review
