摘要
目的:探讨沙盘游戏治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders,ADHD)的疗效。方法:采用随机对照研究方法,以Conners简明症状问卷(abbreviated symptom question-naire,ASQ)为筛查工具,以DSM-Ⅳ(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,VersionⅣ)为诊断标准,从1257名小学一至四年级(7～14岁)学生中筛选出ADHD儿童,然后用瑞文标准推理测验(Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test,SPM)排除精神发育迟滞儿童,最终选取30例ADHD儿童为研究对象。将这些儿童随机分为两组:实验组(15例)和对照组(15例),对实验组儿童进行为期12周的沙盘游戏治疗,对照组不给予干预。采用ADHD父母评定量表第4版(ADHD-IV Rating Scale-Parent Version,ADHDRS-IV-Parent)、Conners父母症状问卷(Parent symptom questionnaire,PSQ)分别在治疗前后对两组儿童进行疗效评定,并进行疗效对照。结果:①治疗后实验组儿童ADHDRS-IV-Parent总分(20.40±7.88)及注意力缺陷分(11.40±4.03)、多动/冲动分(9.00±4.46)均比治疗前得分[32.00(5.00),15.00(7.00),(14.07±3.97)]降低,且低于对照组得分[(32.27±2.55),(17.47±2.00),(14.80±1.90),均P<0.01];②治疗后实验组儿童在PSQ的多动指数[1.70(0.30)]、学习问题(2.00±0.44)及多动冲动(1.90±0.45)上得分均比治疗前得分[1.70(0.40),(1.90±0.51),(2.00±0.45)]降低;且低于对照组得分[(1.84±0.32),(2.02±0.41),(1.93±0.45),均P<0.05]。结论:沙盘游戏疗法能够有效改善ADHD儿童的核心症状及其伴随的学习问题,可作为儿童ADHD的安全有效的治疗手段。
Objective： To explore the effects of sandplay therapy in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADI-ID） . Methods： Totally 1257 children aged 7 - 14 years were screened with the abbreviated symptom questionnaire, and 105 children whose score was 〉 15 were selected. ADHD diagnoses were made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Version Ⅳ （ DSM-Ⅳ ）, and the mentally retarded children were excluded with the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test （ SPM ） . Through screening sequence, 30 children diagnosed with ADHD were selected and divided into experimental group （ 15 cases ） and control group （15 cases ） . Using randomized controlled study, the children of experimental group received the sandplay therapy interfered once a week to each case about 50 minutes each time, each child 12 times in all. The children in control group did not receive intervention. The efficacy was assessed with the ADHD-Ⅳ Rating Scale-Parent Version （ADHDRS-Ⅳ-P） and Parent Symptom Questionnaire （PSQ） . Results： （ 1 ） After 12 weeks of sandplay therapy, the total score of ADHDRS-Ⅳ-Parent （20. 40 ±7.88）, as well as the subscale scores for inattention （ 11.40 ±4. 03 ） and hyperactivity-impulsivity （ 9. 00 ±4. 46） in experimental group were significantly decreased, comparing with the scores of pretreatment [ 32. 00 （ 5.00 ）, 15.00 （ 7.00 ）, and （ 14. 07 ± 3.97 ） ], and those in controlgroup [ （32.27±2.55）, （17.47±2.00）, and （14.80±1.90）] . （2） InPSQ, the subscales scores of hyperactive index [ 1.70 （ 0. 30 ） ], learning problem （ 2. 00 ± 0. 44 ）, and impulsive hyperactive （ 1.90±0. 45 ） in experimental group were significantly decreased after 12 weeks＇treatment of sandplay therapy, comparing with the scores of pretreatment [ 1.70 （0. 40）, 1.90 ±0. 51, 2. 00 ±0.45] and those in control group [ （ 1.84±0. 32）, （ 2.02 ±0. 41 ）, and （ 1. 93 ±0. 45 ） ] . Contusion： Sandplay therapy may be effective and safe in the treatment of children with ADHD.
出处
《中国心理卫生杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第9期691-695,共5页
Chinese Mental Health Journal
基金
东莞市科技计划项目(2008108101048)
关键词
沙盘游戏
注意缺陷多动障碍
儿童
心理治疗
随机对照研究
sandplay
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ ADI-ID ）
children
psychotherapy
randomized controlled trial
