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不同施氮运筹对夏玉米产量、净收益及氮肥利用率的影响 被引量:19

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Distribution on Summer Maize Yield,Net return and Nitrogen Use Efficiency
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摘要 氮肥管理是农业可持续发展面临的重大挑战。在测土提出合理施肥量OPT(N 210,P2O590,K2O60kg/hm2)的前提下,在襄汾县通过田间试验研究了5种氮肥运筹方式对夏玉米产量、净收益及氮肥利用率的影响,结果表明,与对照(OPT-N)相比,不同氮肥运筹均明显提高夏玉米产量、净收益,提高玉米籽粒和秸秆的含氮量及玉米的吸氮量;OPT3处理可以获得10 102 kg/hm2的产量,较不施氮肥增产23.4%,每千克纯氮可以生产9.1 kg的籽粒,净收益可达15 319元/hm2,较对照增收19.3%,同时肥料利用率可达47.0%,是最适宜的氮肥运筹方式;OPT1也可获得较高的产量和净收益,分别为9 897 kg/hm2和14971元/hm2,氮肥的农学效率为8.2 kg,产量较对照增产20.9%,净收益较对照增收16.6%,但氮肥的利用率相对较低,为38.6%,也是可以接受的氮肥运筹方式。该研究成果可为山西省夏玉米生产提供理论支撑和实践指导。 Nitrogen management remains one of the most challenging tasks forsustainable agriculture.Based on soil analysis and fertilizerrecommendation OPT(N 210,P2O5 90,K2O60 kg/hm^2),field experiment was conducted in a randomized design with six treatments and three replicates to study the influence of the distribution of nitrogen application on summer maize yield,net re-turn,and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen application as well as nitrogen use efficiency.The results showed that the distribution of nitrogen application had a significant effect on summermaize yield,net return,the nitrogen content of grain and stalk as well as ni-trogen uptake.The treatment of OPT3(1/2 N applied at V 5-6 stage and 1/2 N as topdressing at jointing stage of maize growth) produced the highest yield and net return by 10 102 kg/hm^2 and 15 319 yuan/hm^2,respectively.Comparing with the treatment of without nitrogen application(OPT-N),yield and net return increased by 23.4%and 19.3%,respectively.At mean time,agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency were 9.1 kg and 47.0%,respectively.This indicated that OPT3 was optimum mannerof nitrogen distribution.The treatment of OPT1(N applied at jointing stage of maize growth)helped produce betteryield(9 897 kg/hm^2)and net return(14 971yuan/hm^2).Compared with OPT-N,yield and net return increased by 20.9%and 16.6%,re-spectively.But nitrogen agronomic efficiency(8.2 kg)and nitrogen use efficiency(38.6%)were lowerthan OPT3.OPT1 also was an option manner.These results will provide theoretic and practice guide forrational fertilization of summer maize in southern region of Shanxi province.
出处 《山西农业科学》 2010年第10期30-33,47,共5页 Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金 国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA4B07 2006BAD25B01 2006BAD05B03) 中加合作项目(NMBF-Shanxi-2007) 山西省科技攻关项目(2007031002-10)
关键词 夏玉米 氮肥运筹 产量 净收益 氮肥利用率 Summermaize Nitrogen distribution Yield Net return Nitrogen use efficiency
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