摘要
人类活动产生的温室气体排放不断增长,导致全球气候变暖,负面影响日益显现。应对气候变化,已经成为世界广泛的共识。全球气候变化与全球化相交织,带来了贸易领域一场革命。政府为应对气候变化可以采取哪些措施,这些措施是否会影响该国的贸易竞争力成为各国面临的重大问题。OECD国家是全球应对气候变化,发展低碳经济较为积极,较早行动,也较有成效的国家,因此研究他们应对气候变化的措施及对贸易竞争力的影响,对于我国有着重要的借鉴作用。本文在分析OECD国家应对气候变化措施的基础上,对经典的贸易引力模型进行了扩展,对OECD国家1991-2008年的出口面板数据进行回归,分析应对措施中较为典型的碳税和能源效率标准对贸易竞争力的影响。结果显示,碳税和能源效率标准对于贸易流都有反作用,因此影响了贸易竞争力。但是碳税的影响程度没有理论预期那么强烈,是因为如果存在着政府的资助或者免除的情况下,反作用可能被抵消,贸易甚至有可能会增加。文章最后对我国的碳税问题进行了讨论。
With greenhouse gas（GHGs） emissions caused by increasing human activities,global climate becomes warmer,and negative effects become more prominent.Addressing climate change has become a world-wide consensus.Global climate change and globalization are intertwined,bringing a revolution in the field of trade.What measures government should take to address climate change,and how these measures will affect the country＇s trade competitiveness have become a major issue to all countries.OECD countries address climate change and develop low carbon economy more positive,earlier,also more effective,so considering their response to climate change and the impact on trade competitiveness,has an important reference on the role of China.Based on the analysis of measures to address climate change by OECD countries,we expanded the classical gravity trade model,regressed panel data of OECD countries＇ exports between 1991 and 2008,and then analyzed the impact of typical measures such as carbon taxes and energy efficiency standards on trade competitiveness.The results showed that carbon taxes and energy efficiency standards have a reaction for trade flows,and therefore affect trade competitiveness.However,the impact of carbon tax is not as strong as theoretical expectations.Because in the case that there is a government subsidy or exemption,the reaction may be offset,and trade may increase sometimes.Finally the issue of China＇s carbon tax was discussed.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第11期66-71,共6页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2007BAC03A12):全球气候变化与我国和平发展的相互影响研究
关键词
气候变化
贸易竞争力
贸易引力模型
climate change
trade competitiveness
trade gravity model
