摘要
畜禽养殖的规模化、集约化发展,大量的兽用抗生素类药物应用于养殖业中并逐年增加。抗生素在有机体内积累量很低,机体吸收后少部分经过羟基化、裂解和葡萄糖苷酸化等代谢反应生成无活性的产物,约60%～90%以原形通过粪便和尿液排出体外,畜禽排泄物无疑成为抗生素污染环境的主要来源之一。据估算,到2010年我国畜禽粪便的排放量将达4.50×109t,由此带来的抗生素污染风险不容忽视。根据近几年已发表的研究结果,介绍了畜禽养殖中抗生素在世界范围内的使用情况及粪便中的残留水平,并围绕国内外土壤和水中的残留情况进行阐述,综合分析排泄物中抗生素的归趋和环境风险,针对粪肥和养殖污水中的抗生素分别提出适于广泛应用的污染控制措施,最后对今后的研究重点进行了展望。
The development of large-scale and intensive livestock and poultry breeding leads to quantity of veterinary antibiotics being used in breeding industry wide and increasingly year by year.Antibiotics in organism have a low cumulate and about 60%-90% excretes out of vitro as original shape.Little generates non-activity products via metabolic reaction such as hydroxylation,cracking and glucuronide,etc.There is no doubt that livestock excretion would be a main source as antibiotic pollution.According to estimation,emission of animal manure in China will be reaching 45 billion ton in 2010 that should be paid more attention.Hence,this review bases on previously published results,introduces current situation of antibiotic use and residue in livestock and poultry breeding world-wide,analyzes their fates and environmental risk,presents related control technologies and an outlook for the future study.
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期250-256,共7页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD87B04-02)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-EW-QN606)
中国科学院研究生院院长基金(085101MM03)资助
关键词
畜禽排泄物
抗生素残留
环境风险
控制措施
Livestock and Poultry Excretion
Antibiotic residue
Environmental risk
Control technology
