摘要
在阿克苏河流域土地利用变化对河流水文过程产生了深远影响,最主要的土地利用类型是绿洲耕地.根据1957—2007年阿克苏河流域各县市的绿洲耕地数据和各主要水文站的实测数据,分析近51a来流域绿洲耕地面积的变化趋势、变化速度、区域差异及其河流水文效应.结果表明:阿克苏河流域绿洲耕地面积呈现波动增加的态势,年均增长率0.77%,其中阿瓦提县最大为2.55%,而乌什县呈减少趋势,为-0.56%;与绿洲耕地总面积增长趋势的相反,人均耕地面积继续减少,年均减少率为1.15%;绿洲耕地空间变化的区域差异明显,水土资源相对丰富的阿瓦提县变化最大为3.32,而水土资源较缺乏的柯坪县变化最小,为0.65.绿洲耕地利用变化引起的河流水文效应显著,随着流域绿洲耕地面积的扩大,消耗水量同步增加,51a间绿洲耕地面积增长为38.48%,同期消耗水量增长约40.05%.与此同时,河流水质恶化和水体污染问题日益严重,逐渐成为制约流域社会发展的瓶颈.为了保障流域的可持续协调发展,必须长期坚持流域的综合治理,建立流域水资源的统一管理体制,确保流域水资源的合理配置和利用.
In recent year,the study of land use change and its hydrological effect is a project of international frontier.The land use change in the Aksu River basin influences hydrological process.The study of land use change in the Aksu River basin and its hydrological effect is necessary.The main land use type in the basin is oasis cropland.Based on the statistical data of each county and tested data of each hydrological station in the Aksu River basin,in this paper,the total variation trend,variation speed,regional disparities and hydrological effect of cropland area of the basin in the recent 50 years are analyzed.The results showed that： 1） The cropland area in the basin increases non-linearly,with an annual average increasing rate of 0.77%,and a maximum（2.55%） in Awati County.However,in Wushi County the change is small,where the increasing rate is-0.56%.Opposite to the total oasis cropland increasing tendency,the cropland acreage per capita is decreasing continuously with an annual average decreasing rate of 1.15%.The spatial disparity of the cropland change is pronounced.The change in Awati County,where water and land resources are rich,is the maximum（3.32） and the change in Keping County,where water and land resources are rare,is the minimum（0.65）.2） Hydrological effect due to oasis cropland change is significant.Along with the expansion of the cropland area in the basin,consuming water is increasing as well.The increasing ratio of the cropland is 38.48% during the last 50 years,while the increasing ratio of the consuming water is 40.05%.At the same time,water pollution is increasing and the water quality is worse off seriously,forming a bottleneck of social development in the basin.Now,the project of saving water has already showed its effect,the amount of water drainage from Aksu River to Tarim River has been increased.In order to keep sustainable development in the basin,it must be stick to comprehensive treatment of the basin in a long term,set up a unity of management of water resources,and ensure reasonable utilization of the water resources in the basin.
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期182-189,共8页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40961032)资助
