摘要
根据相关水文气象台站的降水、蒸发、气温和流量观测资料,分析了石羊河流域年平均流量的变化特征及原因。研究表明:45a来,石羊河流域年平均流量总体呈略减少趋势,流域东、中部年平均流量呈减少趋势,流域东部减少幅度最大,流域西部年平均流量呈略增加趋势。石羊河流域年平均流量的年内分配因受补给条件的影响四季分明,四季流量大小依次为夏季、秋季、春季、冬季。流域四季年平均流量都呈减少趋势,变幅最大的是夏季,冬季最小。石羊河流域在不同时段不同区域年平均流量都存在6～7a和9～10a的长周期和2～3a的短周期。石羊河流域年平均流量各年代平水出现的几率最大。相关系数法分析表明,石羊河流域流量与区域气候变化存在很好的相关,流量变化与区域降水量之间存在显著正相关,与蒸发量之间为显著的负相关关系,区域降水量和蒸发量对径流变化起主控作用。最高气温也是流量变化的主要因子,区域平均气温和最低气温变化对径流量也有不同程度的影响,区域气候因子的综合作用是石羊河流域流量变化的根本原因。
In this paper,measured data of precipitation,evaporation,temperature and runoff from meteorological and hydrometric stations in the studied basins were used for researching the changing trend and features of the runoff from the mountain areas of some main rivers in the region.The result shows that there is a decreasing trend of mean annual runoff in Shiyang river drainage basin,in easten and middle reaches,there is a decreasing trend,but in weasten reaches is tend to increase.The average distribution of the runoff due to the conditions of supply,the runoff of season in turn for the summer,autumn and spring and winter.There is a decreasing trend in the observations on runoff in four seasons,most significant decreases occur in summer,the least in winter;It is also found that the vibration periods of 6~7 a,9~10 a long period and 2~3 a short period are displayed very clear in Shiyang river drainage basin.The probability of mean water is the biggest in different age in Shiyang river drainage basin.On the attribution,we calculated the correlation coefficients of climate factors with runoff,positive correlation between runoff and regional precipitation is significant,and negative correlation between runoff and regional evaporation is also significant,indicating that the variations of regional precipitation and evaporation have predominant effect on the runoff variations,and maximum temperature is important factor.And the regional mean and minimum temperature also have different influences on the runoff variations.Synthetic effect of regional climatic elements is the prime cause for runoff variations in the source region of the Shiyang river drainage basin.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期58-63,共6页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
甘肃省干旱气象灾害监测评估业务系统建设项目
关键词
石羊河流域
年平均流量
气象因子
相关性
Shiyang river drainage basin
runoff
meteorological factors
correlation
