摘要
芳香植物源营养液是以芳香植物材料、糖、酵素、水为主要原料,在设定的条件下发酵而成的植物源发酵液,具有营养、杀虫和抑菌等效果。不同芳香植物种类和器官,其发酵液的应用效果不同。为探讨芳香植物源营养液对梨树生长、果实品质、抗病性的影响,选择20年生‘丰水梨/杜梨’成年期大树为试材,以叶面喷施孔雀草(Tr1)、紫苏(Tr2)、神香草(Tr3)、薄荷(Tr4)、香矢车菊(Tr5)等芳香植物叶片制成的营养液及其等配比混合的发酵营养液(Tr6)为处理,喷施南国春叶面肥(Tr7)和清水(Tr8)为对照,测定分析不同处理对梨树生长、叶片矿质养分含量、果实品质的影响及对黑星病、轮纹病、腐烂病的抑菌效果。结果表明:与南国春叶面肥相比,芳香植物源营养液营养成分比例均匀,具有较高的P、Ca、Mg含量、可溶性糖含量、生长素和细胞分裂素含量。叶面喷施芳香植物源营养液能显著促进梨树新梢生长,提高叶面积和叶绿素含量;改善叶片中全氮,全磷,全钾及有效态钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌等矿质元素的吸收状况和含量;提高单果重、果实可溶性固形物含量及Vc含量;对梨树黑星病、梨树轮纹病、梨树腐烂病具有显著地抑制效果。其中,神香草营养液(Tr3)和薄荷营养液(Tr4)显著的提高了叶片中各矿质养分的含量;神香草营养液(Tr3)显著的提高了新梢生长量(增幅为64.78%)和叶面积(增幅为115.79%),对于梨树生长发育的促进作用较明显;薄荷营养液(Tr4)较大程度的提高了单果重(增幅为52.74%),果实可溶性固形物的含量(增幅为32.92%),降低了果实硬度(降幅为45.21%),对于果实品质的提高效果较好;孔雀草营养液(Tr1)、薄荷营养液(Tr4)对梨树黑星病,轮纹病,腐烂病的抑制作用显著增强。综合分析认为,芳香植物源营养液含有丰富的矿质元素,有机营养及生长素、细胞分裂素,脱落酸等激素。叶面喷施能显著促进树体的营养生长,提高叶片矿质养分含量,改善果实品质,有效抑制梨树黑星病、轮纹病、腐烂病害的发生。
In recent years organic fertilizer application has been paid more and more attention.The benefits of application of organic materials lie in its biological regulation to fruit trees through organic management in orchard systems.It has been demonstrated that organic fertilizers can improve growth and development of plants and heighten fruit qualities.Although a variety of foliar fertilizers such as extracted solution,distilled solution and fermented solutions from diverse plants are widely applied in agricultural system,a relatively little information is known about the mechanism of foliar fertilizer application to enhance the growth of shoot and leaf,promote fruit development,and alleviate stresses from pests and diseases.Aromatic plant-derived nutrient solution was made from aromatic plant material,sugar,ferment agent and water,among which aromatic plant materials came from intercrops in orchard,and fermented in some specific conditions.It has many functions,such as nutrition,insect resistance and antibacterial.Due to the characteristics of different organs and tissues,ferment solutions have different applications.In order to explore effects of aromatic plant-derived nutrient solution on the growth,fruit quality and prevention of disease in fruit plant,20 years old ＇Fengshui＇ pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions.The treatments were as follows： Tagetes patula（Tr1）,Perilla frutescens（Tr2）,Hyssopus officinalis（Tr3）,Mentha canadensis（Tr4）,Centaurea cyanu（Tr5）,as well as their proportional mixture（Tr6）,respectively.And bio-bacterial manure ＇Nanguochun＇,a kind of foliar fertilizers（Tr7） and water（Tr8） as controls.We found that in compared with ＇Nanguochun＇ foliar fertilizer,all aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutions in the present experiment were in proper proportion of mineral elements,and contained higher available P,Ca,Mg contents,greater soluble sugar,solid materials and Vc contents,as well as well-proportioned hormones including upper indole-3-acetic acid（IAA） and cytokinin（CK） contents.The foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutions and ＇Nanguochun＇ remarkably promoted new shoots growth,leaf area and chlorophyll contents,and leaves′ absorption of mineral nutrients.Furthermore,single fruit weight,soluble sugar content,soluble solid materials content and Vc content increased significantly in pear fruits.And also,the foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutions displayed preventive effects on Venturia Pirina Aderh,Pnysalospora pinicola Nose and Valisa mali in leaves and fruits of pear plant.In terms of compared effects of different treatments,Tr3 and Tr4 greatly increased mineral nutrient contents in leaves,and Tr3 largely improved the growth of new tips and leaf area;in addition,Tr3 obviously hastened the growth and development of pear trees.Differing from Tr3,Tr4 markedly enhanced single fruit weight,soluble solid content and sugar/acids ratio,resulting in improvement of fruit quality.Besides the above functions,both Tr1 and Tr4 still showed well prevention of 3 pear diseases.In conclusion,the investigation suggested that there were large amount of mineral elements,organic nutrition and hormones in aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutions,as well as well-proportioned nutrition factors.These comprehensive ingredients perhaps help to improve growth of trees,mineral nutrient contents in leaves and fruit quality,and simultaneously played a role in the prevention of diseases of leaves and fruits of pear trees.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期1285-1294,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家科技支撑重大项目(2008BAD92B08)
北京市自然科学基金项目(6102004)
关键词
芳香植物源营养液
'丰水梨’树
生长
果实品质
病害抑制
aromatic plant-derived nutrient solution
＇Fengshui＇ pear
growth
fruit quality
prevention of disease
