摘要
干旱是影响华北冬小麦生产的主要灾害之一。为定量评估干旱对冬小麦产量的影响,利用作物水分生产函数,建立了河北省冬小麦干旱评估模型。本研究选择河北省冬麦区南宫、河间、霸州等农业气象观测站,基于3站1991—2007年冬小麦观测数据及气象资料,采用Penman-Monteith公式计算冬小麦各生育阶段的相对蒸散,以联合国粮农组织(FAO)"农作物生产潜势"方法估算的光温生产潜力作为最大产量,应用统计方法求解Jensen模型参数,并以该模型为基础建立干旱评估模型。结果表明,各站冬小麦水分敏感系数与冬小麦全生育期灌溉次数关系密切。对于灌溉3次的南宫、河间二站,利用大田种植条件下的数据,得到的冬小麦水分敏感阶段与试验的结论相似,呈前期小、中期大、后期又变小的变化趋势;全生育期干旱评估模型的模拟和预测结果与实际产量相关较好,相关系数通过了0.01的显著性统计检验。应用干旱评估模型对冬小麦播种—拔节、播种—抽穗、播种—灌浆、播种—成熟各阶段的干旱评估结果与实际相符。霸州一般灌溉5次,干旱胁迫不明显,仅抽穗—灌浆期水分敏感系数为正值,其他生育阶段均为负值,对水分亏缺表现不敏感。
Drought is one of the main hazards for affecting winter wheat production in North China.In order to assess the drought impact on wheat yields quantificationally,the evaluation model was set up based on crop water production function.According to the observed wheat growth and development and meteorological data from three agrometeorological stations,i.e.,Nangong,Hejian and Bazhou,selected in Hebei province during 1991 to 2007,and Penman-monteith equation for evapotranspiration,FAO method of crop production potential for wheat light-temperature production potential and Jensan model,the impacts assessment model of drought on wheat yield was constructed.The results showed that water sensitive coefficient was close related to irrigation times during the whole growth season of winter wheat.For that wheat was usually irrigated three times in the station of Nangong and Hejian,water sensitivity stage in farming condition was similar to the former research result,which had a variation tendency of small values in earlier and later stages,and large in medium.Also a statistically significant relationship （0.01） existed between estimated and predicted results from drought evaluation model and actual yield output during the whole growth period.The drought evaluation results from drought evaluation model were in accordance with actual results during seeding to elongation,seeding to earing,seeding to grain-filling and seeding to maturity.Another station Bazhou where winter wheat was irrigated five times in the growing season,the results showed that drought stress was not obvious,positive water sensitive coefficient only existed during the period from earing to grain-filling,it was not sensitive to water deficit in other growth stages.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第8期274-279,共6页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
中国气象局2009基建项目"农业干旱监测预警评估业务系统建设"
河北省气象局科研开发项目(10ky11)
关键词
冬小麦
水分生产函数
干旱评估
模型
河北省
winter wheat
crop water production function
drought evaluation
model
Hebei province
