摘要
对动词或名词语法优先度的讨论有助于我们对语言类型的认识。本文就句子表述性的实现方式，探讨了动词的语法优先度问题。通过对汉英语句动态语法意义的实现形式、述谓功能、指称功能、主谓关系及其体现形式和由此产生的结果等问题的讨论，本文得出以下结论：在旬法层面，英语和汉语动词的功能不同，因而语法地位不同；这导致了汉英陈述句谓语构成的差异、汉英动词性结构在陈述句和祈使句中的分布差异；“英需名，汉可动”、“英可名，汉需动”根源于且受制于陈述句层面的“英必动，汉可名（形）”这一定律，因而不能笼统地把汉语划为动词型语言、把英语划为名词型语言。
The discussion of grammatical priority of verbs / nouns enhances our understanding of language typology. The present paper tries to explore grammatical priority of verbs in the perspective of the realization of declarativeness of sentences. By analysis of the ways of realization of dynamic lexico-grammaticality, function of the predicate, function of reference, relation between subject and predicate between Chinese and English, and symactical forms of sentences affected by the above mentioned factors, we draw the following conclusion： on the syntactical level, due to difference in the functions of verbs the grammatical status between English and Chinese is different, which leads to the different structures of predicates in the declarative sentence between Chinese and English, and the different distribution of the structure of, verbs in the declarative and imperative sentences between Chinese and English. The phenomenon that ＂whenever a noun is necessary in English, a verb may be employed instead in Chinese;whenever a verb is necessary in Chinese, a noun may be possible in English＂ is actually caused and affected by a phenomenon ＂whenever a verb is necessary in English, a noun or an adjective may be used in Chinese＂. Therefore,we should not classify Chinese as a verb-oriented language and English as a noun-oriented language based on that overgeneralization.
出处
《外语与外语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第4期24-28,共5页
Foreign Languages and Their Teaching
关键词
动词优先
表述性
述谓功能
指称功能
priority of verbs
declarativeness
function of the predicates
function of reference
