摘要
目的了解高龄老人生存与照护现状,为制定居家养老服务政策提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,采用自设问卷和ADL量表调查高龄老人454人及其照护者127人。结果高龄老人学历低、收入不高;女性高龄老人学历、经济独立性较男性差(均P<0.01);高龄老人丧偶、独居及视力、听力受损比例较高,女性高于男性(P<0.05,P<0.01);高龄老人自理能力受损比例高,使用交通工具、购物能力受损比例女性较男性高(P<0.05,P<0.01),家务劳动随年龄增长明显减少(P<0.01);高龄老人照护以家庭的非正式照护为主,照护者以女性老年人为主,照护知识缺乏。结论高龄老人长期照护需求大,家庭照护存在问题,应建立尽可能长地维持高龄老人自理能力的居家康复护理体系,建立正式照护与非正式照护之间的融合制度。
Objective To understand the living status and long-term care of aged citizens,and to provide basis for home care countermeasures to be put forward.Methods Totally 454 aged citizens and 127 caregivers were recruited by using cluster sampling method.Activities of Daily Living（ADL） Scale and a self-designed questionnaire were used to investigate the aged citizens and caregivers in HongZhou,China.Results Aged citizens are at low-educational levels,they have low income,and females are poorer in educational levels and incomes than males（P0.01 for both）.A large percentage of aged citizens are in widowhood,living alone,and suffering from impaired hearing and vision,and females are worse than men（P0.05,P0.01）.A large proportion of them have impaired activities of daily living,and in the aspect of impaired transportation and shopping,the proportion of females is higher than men（P0.05,P0.01）.Aged citizens do less house chores as they grow older（P0.01）.Aged citizens receive family-based informal care.Elderly women serve as the main caregivers,and they lack of caring knowledge.Conclusion Aged citizens have great need for long-term care,and problems exist in home care.We should establish long-term nursing system for aged citizens to keep activities of daily living,and build up a system integrating formal and informal care system.
基金
浙江省老龄科学研究中心规划课题(ZRCA201013)
关键词
高龄
老年人
生存现状
居家照护
社区护理
advanced age
the elderly
living status
home care
community nursing
