摘要
乳状液体系凭借其特殊的物理化学性能,在油田开发中得到广泛应用,形成了乳化钻井液、乳化酸、乳化压裂液、乳化稠油堵水剂、多重乳状液延缓交联、微乳液、乳化驱油等体系。其中,乳化钻井液体系具有井壁稳定性强、润滑性好和保护油层等优点。乳化酸适用于低渗透碳酸盐岩油气藏的深度酸化改造和强化增产作业,滤失量小,缓速性能好,能进入地层深部。乳化压裂液分为水包油型和油包水型两种,水包油型乳化压裂液具有比油包水型摩阻小、流变性便于调节、易返排等优点;油包水型乳化压裂液与油基冻胶压裂液相比,性价比高,适合于水敏性、低压、低渗储层的压裂改造,具有增黏能力强、黏度调节便利、高携砂、低滤失、低残渣等优点。乳化稠油堵水剂分为活性稠油堵水剂和水包稠油堵水剂,前者注入油井的堵剂为加有适量油包水乳化剂的高黏度稠油;后者是用水包油型乳化剂将稠油乳化在水中制成。乳状液可有效降低地层中的残余油含量,从而提高采收率。多重乳状液体系一般为W/O/W型,由于破乳时间较长,达到了延缓交联的目的;微乳液是指具有超低界面张力、热力学稳定的乳状液。三次采油中,在水中加入表面活性剂和部分高分子化合物,配成驱油溶液进行驱油,可显著提高原油采收率。
Emulsion system has been widely used in the development of oilfield in recent years with its special physical and chemical properties.Many new techniques have been formed and achieved good economic benefit.These techniques include emulsified drilling fluid,emulsified acid,emulsified fracturing fluid,emulsified heavy oil plugging agent,multiple emulsions delaying crosslinking system ,microemulsion system and emulsification oil displacement system.Among those ,the system of emulsified drilling fluid has the advantage of making hole stability,good oiliness and preserving reservoirs.The emulsified acid is suitable to in-depth acid reformation and enhanced stimulation operation in the low-permeability carbonate rock oil reservoir for less filter loss,good retarding performance and entering deep formations.The emulsified fracturing fluid has two types：oil in water and water in oil.Oil-in-water emulsified fracturing fluid has the advantages of low friction,control- lable rheological property and being easy for flowback compared with the water-in-oil one.Compared with oil-base gelled fracturing fluid,the water-in-oil emulsified fracturing fluid is suitable for the fracture reformation in the reservoirs of water-sensitive ,low-pressure and low permeability for its advantages of strong capability of viscosity increasing,being easy for viscosity control,high carrying capacity,low filter loss and less bottom sludges with high performance-price ratio.The emulsified crude oil plugging agent is classified into active one and heavy oil in water one.The former is the high-viscosity heavy oil with the addition of modicum water-in-oil emulsifier.The later is formed by emulsification of heavy oil into water.The emulsion can make the residual oil content in the reservoirs drop effectively and then enhance oil recovery.The type of multiple emulsions system is W/O/W,and it can make crosslinking retard for long deemulsification time.The microemulsion is the one with ultra-low interfacial tension and stable thermodynamics.In the tertiary oil recovery,the oil displacement solution prepared with surfactant and partial macromolecular compound added into water may enhance oil recovery obviously.
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2011年第11期45-50,共6页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
乳状液体系
乳化
油田应用
综述
发展趋势
emulsion system
emulsify
oilfield application
summary
developing tendency
