摘要
针对油菜生产中农艺措施与农机操作脱节、用工量多、劳动强度大、生产率和经济效益低下等问题,探索使农艺措施与农机操作紧密结合的油菜机械化生产模式,经过8年的研究与实践,提出"机播机收,适度管理"的生产模式,开发出3种符合农艺要求的农业机械,选育出适应农业机械作业的油菜早熟品种,研发了油菜催熟剂、油菜专用控释肥,并制定农艺规程,实施了"重点示范、连片推广、区域辐射"的应用推广模式。实践表明,推行"机播机收,适度管理"的油菜生产模式,可以节省时间、减轻劳动强度、抢住农时和降低成本。仅机械直播环节,成本为人工开沟直播的20%,为人工开沟移栽的10%。采用机械化收获,农户可减少支出900～1 050元/hm2。
In order to solve the .problems of labor demanding, high work intensity, low productivity and less benefit in traditional rapeseed production, in which agronomy and mechanization were separated, we explored the production mode of combining agronomy with mechanization tightly. After 8 years of investigation the production mode of mechanization seeding and harvesting, moderation management were proposed. Three types of agronomy-adapted machines and the corresponding rapeseed varieties, ripening agents, special controlled-release fertilizers and agriculture procedures were developed and applied in a mode of key demonstration, zone popularization and area radiation. The results showed that the developed production mode could save time, lower work intensity and cost and the direct mechanical seeding showed that the cost was about 20% of direct seeding and was about 10% of transplantation by manpower. And the farmer could save 900 to 1 050 Yuan per hm^2.
出处
《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第6期674-677,共4页
Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2010BAD01B06)
湖南省政府重大专项(湘财农指[2009]84号)
湖南省科学技术厅重大专项(2009FJl006-2)
关键词
油菜
机械化
农艺
农机
结合
rapeseesd
mechanization
agronomy
agricultural machine
combining
