摘要
苏/俄交会对接技术的研发,最初是为20世纪60年代初苏联月球使命服务的,后来主要用于空间站的运输使命。因此,最初的"联盟"飞船逐步演变发展为联盟号载人飞船系列与进步号货运飞船系列。联盟号和进步号飞船应用"指针"或"航向"交会雷达系统,基本采用自动轨道交会方法。对应急运作,联盟号航天员可使用手控器;对于不载人的进步号使命,空间站内的乘员可应用"遥控操作交会单元"系统,进行手控操作。联盟号和进步号飞船采用双共椭圆逼近与绕飞技术到达目标器对接轴线,沿对接轴线向目标器对接口作最后逼近。对未来空间规划,"新一代有人操作的运输飞行器"将取代历史悠久的联盟号系列载人飞船,除用于地球轨道使命外,还将在载人月球使命与火星使命中得到应用。
The development of Soviet/Russian rendezvous and docking technology was originally for Soviet lunar missions in the early 1960＇s,and then mainly for its transportation missions to space stations.For this,the initial Soyuz spacecraft has been evolved and developed into the Soyuz manned spacecraft series and the Progress unmanned freighter series.The Soyuz/Progress spacecraft were designed primarily for automated orbital rendezvous,using Igla or Kurs rendezvous radar systems.In addition,for contingency operations,the Soyuz crew can use a hand-controller,and a crew within the space station can use a telerobotically operated rendezvous unit system for Progress missions.Soyuz/Progress spacecraft employ double co-elliptic approach and a fly-around to reach the target＇s docking axis for the final approach.In future,a New Generation Piloted Transport Spacecraft will replace the venerable Soyuz spacecraft,and can be used for Earth-orbiting missions as well as human lunar and Mars missions.
出处
《航天器工程》
2011年第6期16-31,共16页
Spacecraft Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(11078001)
关键词
联盟号飞船
进步号飞船
交会对接
交会雷达系统
Soyuz spacecraft
Progress spacecraft
rendezvous and docking
rendezvous radar system
