摘要
人们将"北欧福利模式"视为西方福利国家的一种独特模式。北欧模式的一个主要特征是社会保障、健康以及惠及全民的教育政策,换句话说,即基于普遍性原则的社会政策。近期的改革趋势不得不令人质疑:普遍性原则当前在挪威这个福利国家是否受到了威胁。大体上,福利国家都以不同的规范、价值观和原则为基础。从几种主要福利原则可以看出,在现代北欧与欧洲其他福利国家近期改革中,重心从普遍性原则转移到更强调互惠性与标的设定原则。后两者更侧重合同、义务和激励措施,以使人们为个人幸福承担更多责任。
The article briefly spells out the main characteristics of the so called ＂Nordic welfare model,＂ which is perceived as a distinct model of Western welfare states. One main characteristic has been social security, health, and education policies which encompass the entire population, or in other words： social policies based on the principle of ＂universalism. ＂ The authors discuss inparticular, with reference to recent reform trends, whether this principle is being threatened in the Norwegian welfare state. Justifications for the principle of universalism are presented. Welfare states are in general based on different norms, values and principles, and the authors present and discuss the major principles and argue that we can observe a shift in emphasis in recent reforms in modern Nordic and European welfare states from the principle of universalism towards more emphasis on the principles of reciprocity and targeting, which imply more emphasis on contracts, duties and incentives for people to take greater responsibility for their own welfare.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第2期50-67,共18页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
关键词
北欧福利模式
福利原则
普遍性
互惠性
标的设定
欧洲社会政策改革趋势
Nordic welfare model
principles of welfare
universalism
reciprocity
targeting
social policy reform trends in Europe
