摘要
合理利用咸水资源对缓解干旱区绿洲农业用水矛盾有重要意义。本文于2010年和2011年在石河子大学节水灌溉试验站研究了矿化度为0.87、2、3、4、6、8g/L的咸水对土壤水盐动态和棉花生长及产量的影响。结果表明,咸水灌溉导致土壤剖面持续积盐,棉花叶面积指数减小,干物质积累减少、产量下降;灌溉水矿化度每提高1g/L,产量降低约391kg/hm2;土壤根系层(0～60cm)可溶性盐浓度每升高1g/L,产量降低约861kg/hm2。在灌溉水矿化度2g/L情况下,100cm土层盐分最大累积率2010年为113%,2011年为26%,呈下降趋势,棉花生长、干物质积累及产量受影响较小,可作为该区咸水利用调控参考阈值,指导农业生产。
Oasis agriculture in northwest China has long been confronted with water resources shortage. Groundwater is abundant but it is usually saline water with salinity ranging from 1g/L to 5g/L or more. However, saline water is an important potential water source for oasis irrigation so the reasonable use of that salty water may play a vital role in easing the contradiction of oasis agricultural water in arid region. Field tests have been carried out to investigate the potential impacts of saline water with salinity levels of 0.87g/L, 2g/L, 3g/L, 4g/L, 6g/L, and 8g/L respectively on the trends of salt in soil water and cotton growth and its yield in the Manas River oasis in 2010 and 2011 growth seasons. Besides, soil salinity, cotton stems, leaves and balls were sampled in situ and then measured in the laboratory at weekly intervals. The results indicate that： 1） Salt accumulation increases with the salinity of irrigation water, and only a minor accumulation is found in case of water salinity of 2g/L or less; 2） The saline water has impacts on the growth and biomass accumulation of the cotton plants’stem, leaf, and especially the ball, and as a result, reduces the yield; 3）The higher the water salinity is, the more serious the impacts are. Increasing the irrigation water salt content by 1g/L will cause a cotton yield reduction of 391kg/ha, and increasing the soluble salt concentration in the 0-60 cm soil layer by 1g/L will cause a yield reduction of 861kg/ha; 4） With a water salinity of 2g/L, the maximum salt accumulation rate in 100cm soil layer has declined from 113.4% in 2010 to 26.0% in 2011. Moreover, only minor reductions in cotton yield are found in the case of water salinity of 2g/L, which may imply that 2g/L is a reference threshhold for the regulation and control of salt water use in this region.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第4期660-667,共8页
Resources Science
基金
中国科学院“百人计划”项目、知识创新工程重要方向项目(No.KZXC2-YW-BR-12)
中国科学院“西部之光”博士资助项目(编号:XBBS200902)
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目资助(编号:2010CB951002,2009CB825101)
关键词
滴灌
咸水
土壤盐分
土壤水分
棉花
Drip irrigation
Saline water
Soil salinity
Soil water
Cotton
