6Gustilo RB, Mendoza RM, Williams DN. Problems in the management of type Ⅲ (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type Ⅲ open fractures. J Trauma, 1984, 24: 742-746.
7Yazar S, Lin CH, Wei FC. One-stage reconstruction of composite bone and soft-tissue defects in traumatic lower extremities. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2004, 114: 1457-1466.
8Fischer MD, Gustilo RB, Varecka TF. The timing of flap coverage, bone-grafting and intramedullary nailing in patients who have a fracture of the tibial shaft with extensive soft-tissue injury. J Bone Joint Surg(Am), 1991, 73: 1316-1322.
9Parrett BM, Matros E, Pribaz JJ, et al. Lower extremity trauma: trends in the management of soft-tissue reconstruction of open tibia-fibula fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg,2006, 117: 1315-1322.
10Brem MH, Blanke M, Olk A, et al. The vacuum-assisted closure (V. A. C. ) and instillation dressing: limb salvage after 3 degrees open fracture with massive bone and soft tissue defect and superinfection.Unfallchirurg, 2008, 111: 122-125.