摘要
农业用水效率低下及水资源在工农业两部门间的结构性短缺将成为我国经济转型中面临的主要资源问题之一。如何优化配置水资源,实现工农业两部门的"双赢"是经济发展面临的一个重要课题。文章基于刘易斯-费-拉尼斯模型对二元经济结构体制下水资源流转过程进行系统性的经济学阐述,进而得出水资源在工农业两部门中的流转是从无限供给状态到体现稀缺性的过程。并结合1949-2009年中国水资源的利用情况,对中国水资源在两部门经济中的流转进行了阶段识别和趋势研究,即"余水"流转、"低效水"流转和"竞争性用水"流转,从而为水资源流转的实际操作提供了学理性解释,并据此提出通过建设引水工程基础设施、完善用水额度和税费标准法律规范,健全水资源流转的农业补偿机制和加强农业生产部门节水意识宣传,以完善我国水资源流转制度的相应对策建议。
Low agricultural water-use efficiency and structural shortage of water resources in industry and agriculture will be one of the major resource issues to China＇ s economic transformation. Therefore, economic development faces an important subject of how to optimize the allocation of water resources and achieve win-win for both agricultural and Industrial sectors. This article, based on Lewis--Fei--Ranis model, makes a systemic economic description of water transfer in the dual economic structure system, and draws the conclusion that water transfer in the dual economy is a process from unlimited-supply state to scarcity. What＇ s more, taking the utilization of water resources in China from 1949 to 2009 into account, the article gives stage identification and trend research to the water transfer in the dual economy of China that is the circulation of ＇ excess water＇ , ＇ inefficient water＇ and ＇ competitive water＇. Thus, we provide a rational analysis for the actual operation of water transfer and accordingly, put forward corresponding suggestions to improve the water circulation system in China through building infrastructure of water diversion projects, perfecting the water-use quota and legal norms for tax standard, improving agricultural compensation mechanism of water circulation and reinforcing awareness campaigns in the agricultural production sector.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第8期90-95,共6页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"区域经济系统虚拟水(VW)测算的可计算非线性动态水资源I-O模型研究"(编号:41001377)
教育部人文社会科学研究项目基金"我国发展虚拟水贸易的对策研究"(编号:09YJC790067)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(编号:2009B22514)资助
