摘要
上海是我国著名的地面沉降灾害城市 ,经过 4 5年来防治地面沉降的探索 ,取得了防治平原区地面沉降灾害的宝贵经验。上海地面沉降历史可分为两大时期 ,即 192 1～ 196 5年快速沉降时期和 196 6～ 1995年的缓慢沉降时期。 2 0世纪 2 0年代以来 ,上海的主要地面沉降灾害有 :潮水上岸、暴雨导致地面积水、高潮桥下通航受阻、基础设施遭损、地貌形态改变等。自1956年以来 ,上海采取了如下八个方面的防治措施 :建设防汛墙、建设排涝泵站、压缩地下水开采量、开展地下水人工回灌、调整地下水开采层次、地面沉降监测与研究、制订地下水采灌方案及地面沉降法制措施等。如今 ,抵御住了潮水上岸的洪灾 ;暴雨导致地面积水程度大大降低。196 6～ 1995年 ,上海市中心城区沉降量仅 116mm(年均 4mm) ,仅为 192 1～ 196 5年的 7% ,取得了以中心城区最小的地面沉降量换取全市最大量地开发地下水资源的效果。
Shanghai has become a model city to prevent and control plain land subsidence in China.The history of Shanghai land subsidence can be divided into two periods ,namely rapidly sinking period from 1921 to 1965 and slowly sinking one from 1966 to 1995.Since the 1920's,Shanghai affected by land subsidence has suffered:tidal inundating,rainstorm waterlogging,block of navigation under bridge ,damage of infrastructure and change of morphology.Based on these,the following eight preventive measures have been adopted since 1956:construction of a floodcontrol wall,setting up drainage stations,decreasing the pumping of groundwater,artificially recharging groundwater,adjusting pumping aquifers,making annual planning of pumping and recharging of groundwater,monitoring and carrying out reseach in land subsidence,and working out the laws to prevent land subsidence.Nowadays,not only the tidal inundation has been withstood but also the degree of the ground being waterlogged during rainstorm has been greatly reduced and the subsiding amount has been controlled efficiently .From 1966 to 1995,the sinking magnitude in downtown area was only 116mm,and it only accounted for 7% of the sinking magnitude between 1921 and 1965,reaching an ideal effect with minimum subsiding amount to exchange maximum pumping volume of groundwater resources.
出处
《火山地质与矿产》
2000年第2期107-111,共5页
Volcanology & Mineral Resources
