摘要
污泥焚烧技术是处理城市污泥的一种有效方法,但由于焚烧过程会产生严重的大气污染,因而也是一种备受争议的方法。论文对污泥焚烧大气污染物的排放种类、产生机理及其减排控制技术等进行了国内外文献综述,结果表明污泥焚烧产生的大气污染物主要包括粉尘、重金属、二英、酸性气体等,其中重金属汞和二英最受人们关注。研究表明在污泥焚烧过程中重金属的迁移转化主要受重金属的种类、存在形态、焚烧环境等因素的影响,针对重金属的控制目前主要采用"活性炭喷射+除尘"的组合技术进行控制;污泥焚烧过程中二英的生成和释放主要由污泥的组成和特性、燃烧条件、烟气组成、颗粒去除装置的运行温度等因素决定,其控制技术目前主要有焚烧过程控制和活性炭吸附等方法;而针对粉尘和酸性气体的控制目前已有成熟的技术可以应用。此外,通过国内外已有工程实例分析表明只要采用合适的烟气治理技术,完全可以控制和避免污泥焚烧烟气污染的产生。同时提出了适合我国国情的污泥焚烧烟气处理工艺流程。
Sludge incineration technology is an effective treatment for municipal sewage sludge,but the process of sludge incineration will generate air pollutants and cause serious air pollution,it is still a controversial method.Domestic and international literature about emission types,generation mechanism and control technology of air pollutants from sludge incineration flue gas were reviewed.It was found that air pollutants of sludge incineration mainly include dust,heavy metals,dioxins and acid gas,among which dioxins and heavy metals like mercury attract the most attentions.Migration and transformation of heavy metals in the sludge incineration process are mainly affected by the types and existing forms of heavy metals,incineration environment and other factors.Technology of a combination of activated carbon injection ＋ dust control technology is usually used for controlling heavy metal emission.Dioxin formation and release in the sludge incineration process are primarily decided by the composition and characteristics of the sludge,combustion conditions,flue gas composition and operating temperature of particle removal device.The control technology of dioxin mainly includes incineration process control and activated carbon adsorption.Mature techniques have already been applied for controlling dust and acid gas in industrial scale.According to analysis of existing projects at home and abroad,it showed that the use of appropriate flue gas treatment technology can completely control and avoid air pollution of sludge incineration.A process of sludge incineration flue gas treatment is put forward according with China＇s national conditions.
出处
《环境科学与技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第10期70-80,共11页
Environmental Science & Technology
基金
国家环保公益项目城市固体废物焚烧大气环境污染防控与管理支撑关键技术研究(2011467001)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目(ZX201109-01)
关键词
污泥焚烧
重金属
二英
酸性气体
烟气治理
sludge incineration
heavy metal
dioxin
acid gas
flue gas treatment
