摘要
砷(As)是一种无处不在的元素,目前已有很多关于湖泊水体、沉积物、浮游生物、底栖动物、鱼类及水生植物中As的含量分布与赋存形态的研究报道。As在全球淡水湖泊中分布不均,区域差异性较大;湖泊沉积物中As含量水平对底栖动物的自然生境影响很大,甚至造成底栖物种生物区系的改变;水生植物普遍具有富集As的能力,一般表现为沉水植物>浮水植物>挺水植物;水生动物中As含量一般为底栖动物>浮游动物>鱼类。相对于海洋生态系统,目前对湖泊生态系统环境与生物质中砷的赋存形态及其转化的认识还很不足,今后应加强人类活动影响下我国重要湖泊As的迁移、富集与转化行为的研究。
Arsenic（As）,which ranks 20th in abundance in the earth′s crust,is a ubiquitous and toxic element in the environment.The impact of As pollution on ecosystem and human health has become one of the major environmental concerns in the world.Large amount of As from both geogenic and anthropogenic sources have entered into the waters such as groundwater,rivers and lakes,resulting in adverse effects on human health.This paper reviews the literature regarding As in freshwater lake ecosystem with some comparison to the marine ecosystem.As contents and speciation in various biological and environmental media as well as their influencing factors were extensively discussed.Complex factors have caused the large regional differences of As in global freshwater lake ecosystem,e.g.,As ranges from 1.0 to 15000 μg/L in lake water and 1.0 to 2000 mg/kg in lake sediments.Generally,As contents in aquatic organisms are in the descending order of zoobenthos phytoplankton zooplankton fish.As contents in lake sediments play a significant role on the natural habitats of benthos,and even bring about changes to the ecological zone of benthic fauna.In contrast,fish,the higher trophic organisms in the lake,usually has effective mechanisms for absorption,detoxification and excretion of As through the metabolism processes.As in fish tissues is generally in the range of 0.1 to 10 mg/kg DW.In macrophytes,As contents generally followed the order of roots stems leaves,with bioacaccumulating factors generally in a descending order of submerged plants floated plants emerged plants.Nevertheless,there is lack of comprehensive study on the role of As in the lakes in China.The mechanisms for As migration and transformation in lacustrine ecosystem have partially been elucidated,However,little efforts have been made to incorporate such mechanisms into the ecological risk assessment of the lake ecosystem and adjacent areas.Finally,this review proposed some ideas and schemes for future studies on As in the lake ecosystem.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期337-347,共11页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(No.2008CB418201)
关键词
砷形态
营养级
水
沉积物
生物
arsenic
trophic level
water
sediment
organisms
