摘要
流域水循环是流域生态系统的核心,其中流域过境水是流域水循环的一个重要要素。通过对大量有关太湖流域水文资料的流域水平衡分析,初步探讨太湖流域过境水对流域水循环的影响。结果显示太湖流域是长江流域中受过境水强烈影响的一个子流域。在太湖流域,流域过境水的引入扩大了流域水循环总的通量,影响了流域水循环的路径,改变了流域水循环水的配置格局。同时水循环作为流域内物质运输的介质,流域过境水的引入对太湖流域内物质的运输有不可忽视的影响,其中最重要的就是影响了污染物的运输,增加了污染物在太湖当中的沉积与滞留。
Drainage basin hydrological cycle is the core of watershed ecosystem processa,and basin-scale passing-by water is one of the most important factors.It includes two parts： natural and artificial.The Taihu Lake Basin is widely recognized as an area which is most severely affected by human activities in China.The ever-growing water demand for modern industry and domestic life nearly dries up all the local natural runoff.Meanwhile,industrial,agricultural and domestic wastewater discharges cause severe deterioration in water quality.And the drainage basin hydrological cycle has been effectively modified by hydro projects,including the introduction of basin-scale passing-by water.Then the basin-scale passing-by water has been reducing crisis of water resources more or less.In this paper,using the modified dualistic water cycle pattern,based on the data about the Taihu Lake Basin water-balance,we analyzed the impacts of basin-scale passing-by water on drainage basin hydrological cycle.The results showed that Taihu Lake Basin was one of the basins where basin-scale passing-by water had the most important impacts on drainage basin hydrological cycle among all subbasins in the Yangtze River Basin.In the Taihu Lake Basin,the introduction of basin-scale passing-by water that mainly came from the Yangtze River,expanded the flux of drainage basin hydrological cycle for 67%,changed the pathway of ＂precipitation → runoff（groundwater） → artificial water（pumping） → drainage（or evaporation） → discharge into the sea（or into the atmosphere）＂ by ＂artificial water＂,decreased the cycles of ＂artificial water（pumping） → drainage（or evaporation） → artificial water（pumping） → drainage（or evaporation） →…＂ or water recycle form more than 3 times to 1.5 times,and modified the pattern of water resources configuration.Because of the characters of plain river network,the basin-scale passing-by water had their influence extended to every hydraulic regions.There was 56.0×108 m3 coming form the Yangtze River directly in Huxi Hydraulic Region,which most effectively impacted hydrological cycle of all the hydraulic regions in the Taihu Lake Basin because Huxi Hydraulic Region was located at the upstream of the Taihu Lake Basin.In Huxi Hydraulic Region,Wu-Cheng-Xi-Yu Hydraulic Region,Yang-Cheng-Dian-Mao Hydraulic Region,Zhexi Hydraulic Region,Hang-Jia-Hu Hydraulic Region,Pudong and Puxi Hydraulic Region and Taihu Hydraulic Region,the basin-scale passing-by water respectively occupied the flux of hydrological cycle for 62%,48%,36%,13%,13%,37%,27%.At the same time,because that hydrological cycle was the supporter of solute translocation,basin-scale passing-by water also had important impacts on the translocation of solute in Taihu Lake Basin.The most important part was the impacts on the translocation of pollutant.In the Taihu Lake,the basin-scale passing-by water increased the pollutant flux accompanying the increase of the water flux.But the more serious problem was that the pollutant volume of import-lake was 2.05~3.30 times more than that of export-lake taken by basin-scale passing-by water.It meanes that there was more and more pollutant deposited and detained in the Taihu Lake.Even the water which imported by the project of water diversion from the Yangtze River to the Taihu through the WangYu river directly had the perfect water quality,sometimes leaved the pollutant in the Taihu Lake.It is concluded that the basin-scale passing-by water not only has important impacts on drainage basin hydrological cycle,but also on pollutant translocation.This paper shows the importance of basin-scale passing-by water in watershed ecosystem process and the impacts on drainage basin hydrological cycle and on pollutant translocation,pave the way for a better understanding on drainage basin hydrological cycle.
出处
《长江流域资源与环境》
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第4期426-432,共7页
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin
基金
世界自然基金会项目(10000718-100559)
关键词
流域水循环
流域过境水
太湖流域
水平衡
drainage basin hydrological cycle
basin-scale passing-by water
the Taihu Lake Basin
water balance
