摘要
以托木尔区域为研究区,从景观生态学的角度,结合生态环境特征,选取分离度、分维数倒数、破碎度、植被覆盖指数和土壤侵蚀指数作为评价指标,探讨各景观类型区域生态环境脆弱度的空间分异规律,并依据生态环境的脆弱度等级结果进行区划。结果表明:(1)依据研究区海拔、坡度值划定地貌特征区,包括极高山、高山边缘区,南北部中山区,红层地貌区和南北部低山丘陵区;(2)建设用地的分离度最大,各景观类型的分维数倒数值差别不大,低覆盖度草地破碎度、景观类型脆弱度最大;(3)托木尔区域生态环境脆弱度指数具有强烈的空间自相关性,是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果;(4)区域生态环境脆弱度指数空间表现为"北低南高"的趋势,自然因素是影响生态环境高脆弱度区域(7～9级)的主导干扰因素;人类活动与自然因素共同作用于生态环境中脆弱度区域(4～6级);影响低脆弱度区域(1～3级)生态环境脆弱度的主要因素是人类活动;(5)根据研究区内生态环境脆弱度值,结合当地自然特征、社会经济发展现状,研究区可划分为保护区、限制开发区和可开发区,并对其实施差别化的政策管理与保护措施。
The Tomur region is a typical model for the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. A cluster of high peaks makes it one of the nominated areas for world natural heritage in the Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang. The staggered huge mountains and basins and exogenic force decide the vertical distribution of the mountain natural elements in the study area. The impact of human activities gradually increase on the regional landscape and ecological environ merit in recent years. Natural heritages are especially important to the protection of biodiversity, dealing with ecolog ical balance and harmonious development of human and environment. As a site of natural heritage, Tomur is with high ecoenvironment vulnerabihty. In the long run, the region should be strictly protected. It is significant for To mur region how to deal with the economic development and environmental protection. Natural elements together with anthropogenic activities, this paper reflects the degree of change for various landscape types＇ natural properties un der the influence of landscape pattern. This article not only discussed the vulnerability and strategy of ecoenvironment in Tomur region, but also found the spatial characteristics of ecoenvironment vulnerability in the mountain natural heritage. Based on the interpretation of grid with GIS and considered the local condition, ten types of the landscape were classified in the study area. There are glacier land, barren land, unused land, construction land, for est land, water area, farmland, low coverage grassland, middle coverage grassland and high coverage grassland. Choosing isolation （FI） , reciprocal of fractal dimension （FD） , fragmentation （FN） , vegetation coverage index （VC）, soil erosion index （SE） as the evaluation factors, the ecoenvironment vulnerability model was constructed for evaluating and analyzing the vulnerability of landscape types and the regional ecoenvironment vulnerability de gree. Semivariogram analysis and ordinary Kriging interpolation were conducted to get the spatial distribution map of regional ecoenvironment vulnerability. According to the results, the Tomur region was divided into different pro tected areas for taking appropriate protection measures. The results show that： （ 1 ） Combined with slope map, the da ta of DEM, the information of field trips and historical data, the study area is divided into serially typical terrains. There are glacier and periglacial area of the high and extremely high mountains, mediummountain area on the south and north parts, red bed topography area and lowmountain area on the south and north patrs. （2） Compared to all of the landscape types, FI of construction land, FD of barren land, FN and vulnerability of landscape types （VI） for low coverage grassland is the highest. The value of FD ,VC and SE is the main factors for VI, but for the low coverage grassland the value of FN is pacing factor. （3）The regional ecoenvironment vulnerability （EVI） of Tomur region has strong spatial autocorrelation, which is impacted by natural factors （soil, topography, vegetation） and human fac tors （human interference）. （4）The index of EVI is characterized as a spatial trend which is low in the north part and high in the south patr. Natural factors are the dominant interference for the higher vulnerability region （79）, both human activities and natural factors have great effect to the fragile region （46） , for the low vulnerability region （13） the main factors of the fragile ecological environment is human activities. （5）Combined with the region of EVI, local natural features, and social and economic development, the study area can be classified into protected area I , II, llI, IV. Finally, for different types of protected areas, the local government can implement differential protect ed policies.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期318-328,共11页
Arid Land Geography
基金
中国科学院西部博士资助项目(XBBS201210)
中国科学院外国专家特聘研究员计划(NO.2010T2Z17)
自治区外专局2012年引进国外技术
管理人才项目(NO.20126500026)
2012年度中国科学院国际合作局俄乌白专项补助经费资助"新疆天山
喀纳斯自然遗产科学基础研究"
关键词
托木尔
世界自然遗产地
生态脆弱性
空间分异
功能区划
Tomur
world natural heritages site
eco-environment vulnerability
spatial variation
functionalregions
