摘要
目的了解医院感染现患率及感染病原菌的变化趋势,以促进合理、规范使用抗菌药物。方法采用横断面调查法对医院2008-2011年某日所有住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查,并将调查结果进行统计、分析。结果 4次共调查住院患者5045例,医院感染237例,感染现患率为4.74%;ICU、神经外科、血液内科等为医院感染的高发科室;高发部位为下呼吸道感染;病原菌送检率平均31.21%,共检出感染病原菌116株,革兰阴性杆菌占67.2%,革兰阳性球菌占19.8%,真菌占12.9%;抗菌药物的使用率及预防用药逐年下降,一联用药比例为74.16%。结论医院感染控制管理工作取得了较好成效,抗菌药物的使用逐渐趋于合理,ICU、神经外科、血液内科及下呼吸道感染仍是今后医院感染工作监控的重点科室及重点部位。
OBJECTIVE To aware the prevalence rates of the nosocomial infections and the trend of infectious pathogens so as to promote the reasonable and standardized use of antibiotics. METHODS A cross-sectional survey on the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in all inpatients in the hospital on a selective day between 2008-- 2011 was carried out,and the result of the survey was statistically analyzed. RESULTS A total of 5045 cases of hospitalized patients were investigated during the four times of surveys, among which 237 patients were infected with the infection rate of 4. 74%. The high risk departments were ICU, neurosurgery department, and hematology department. The lower respiratory tract was the high-risk infection site. The average submission rate of pathogens was 31. 21%. Totally 116 strains of pathogens were isolated, including the gram-negative bacilli （67.2%） ,the gram-positive cocci （19.8%）,and the fungi （12.9%）. The utilization rate of the antibiotics and the prophylactic antibiotics decreased year by year, and the patients who took the single drug accounted for 74.16%. CONCLUSION The control of the nosocomial infections in the hospital has made significant achievements, the use of antibiotics tends to be reasonable. The ICU, neurosurgery department and hematology department are still the key departments to monitor the nosocomial infections, and the lower respiratory tract remains at high risk of infections.
出处
《中华医院感染学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第10期2292-2294,共3页
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology
关键词
医院感染
现患率
抗菌药物
Nosocomial infection
Prevalence rate
Antibiotics
