摘要
目的描述禁用含铅汽油后中国儿童血铅水平及其变化趋势。方法通过计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库和中国全文期刊数据库及相关文献追溯等途径,收集国内1994—2008年公开发表的儿童血铅水平研究的论文,选取标准如下:(1)选用原子吸收分光光度法(石墨炉及其它原子吸收分光光度法)或者电感耦合等离子体质谱法;(2)有严格的质量控制;(3)样本量大于100人;(4)儿童年龄为0～14岁;(5)被调查儿童居住地无明显铅污染,最终有93篇文献入选。同时按同样的标准选取居住在农村地区的儿童血铅文献27篇,按标准(1)～(4)选取居住在工业区的儿童血铅文献19篇。并将入选的全国儿童血铅文献按照调查时间分为4类:(1)禁用含铅汽油前;(2)禁用含铅汽油后第一阶段(2002年之前);(3)禁用后第二阶段(2003—2005年);(4)禁用后第三阶段(2006—2008年)。结果禁用含铅汽油前全国儿童血铅平均值为98.21μg/L,铅中毒率为37.34%;禁用含铅汽油后三阶段的血铅均值分别为85.02、83.63、61.82μg/L,铅中毒率分别是27.68%,25.97%,10.90%。禁用含铅汽油前农村儿童血铅均值为87.53μg/L,铅中毒率为28.40%;禁用后分别为72.23μg/L,17.85%;禁用含铅汽油前工业区儿童血铅均值为110.76μg/L,禁用后下降为106.77μg/L。结论禁用含铅汽油后,全国儿童和农村儿童血铅水平明显下降,工业区略有下降,但依然高于发达国家,提示在我国控制铅污染,减少儿童铅暴露仍任重而道远。
Objective To describe the Chinese children＇ s blood lead levels （BLLs） and identify its trends of changes after leaded gasoline was banned in China. Methods Articles on children BLLs published from 1994 to 2008 were collected through Chinese Biomedical Disk, Chinese Journal Full-Test Database and other ways. Finally 93 articles, including 27 of rural children were eligible according to the following criteria： （1）BLLs measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, （2）strict quality control, （3）sample size more than 100, （4）children aged from 0 to 14 years old,（5）no lead pollution sources in the areas where the screened subjects live. A total of 19 eligible articles of children＇s BLLs in industrial areas were selected based on the 1st-4th criteria above. Then all selected articles were divided into four categories according to the time of sampling： sampling prior to the year when the leaded gasoline was banned as ＂before ban＂; the year prior to 2002 after the ban as ＂the first segment after ban＂; 2003--2005 as ＂the second segment after ban＂ and 2006--2008 as ＂the third segment after ban＂. Results The mean BLLs of Chinese children were 98.21 μg/L before ban, 85.02μg/L, 83.63 μg/L, 61.82μg/L in the first, second and third segment after ban, respectively. The prevalence rates of BLLs 〉/100μg/L were 37.34% before ban, 27.68%, 25.97%, 10.90% in the first, second and third segment after ban, respectively, For rural children, the mean BLLs were 87.53 μg/L before ban, 72.23μg/L after ban; the prevalence rates of BLLs ≥ 100μg/L were 28.40% before ban, 17.85% after ban. For children in industrial areas, the means of BLLs were 110.76 μg/L before ban and 106,77 μg/Lafter ban. Conclusion BLLs of children decreased significantly after the ban of leaded gasoline in urban and rural areas of China while those of in industrial area showed little decrease; BLLs of Chinese children are still much higher compared with those in developed countries.
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期377-384,共8页
Journal of Environment and Health
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB525005)
中国环境科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2009KYYW19)
关键词
儿童
血铅
含铅汽油
Children
Blood lead
Leaded gasoline
