1Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials [J]. Lancet, 2005,365 (9472) : 1687 -1717.
2Osborne CK. Tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer [J]. N Engl J Med, 1998,339(22) :1609-1618.
3Pyrhonen S, Ellmen J, Vuorinen J, et al.Meta-analysis of trials comparing toremifene with tamoxifen and factors predicting outcome of anti estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer [J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 1999, 56 ( 2 ) : 133-143.
4Zhou WB, Ding Q, Chen L, et al.Toremifene is an effective and safe alternative to tamoxifen in adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer: results of four randomized trials [J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2011 ,128 ( 3 ) : 625 -631.
5Gennari L, Merlotti D, Stolakis K, et al.Pharmacokinetic evaluation of toremifene and its clinical implications for the treatment of osteoporosis [J]. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 2012,8(4) :505-513.
6Lewis JD, Chagpar AB, Shaughnessy EA, et al.Excellent outcomes with adjuvant toremifene or tamoxifen in early stage breast cancer[J]. Cancer, 2010,116(10): 2307-2315.
7Kusama M, Miyauchi K, Aoyama H, et al.Effects of toremifene ( TO R) and tamoxifen (TAM) on serum lipids inpost menopausal patients with breast cancer [J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2004,88(1) :1-8.
8Warri AM, Huovinen RL, Laine AM, et al.Apoptosis in toremifene-induced growth inhibition of human breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst , 1993,85 (17) : 1412-1418.
9Gershanovich M, Garin A, Baltina D, et al.A phase ill comparison of two toremifene doses to tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Eastern European Study Group [J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 1997 , 45 ( 3) : 251-262.
10Hirsirnaki P, Aaltonen A. Toxicity of antiestrogens [J]. Breast J,2002,8 (2) :92-96.
10Allred DC,Anderson SJ,Paik S,et al.Adjuvant tamoxifen reduces subsequent breast cancer in women with estrogen receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ:a study based on NSABP protocol B-24[J].J Clin Oncol,2012,30(12):1268-1273.