摘要
萌芽于唐虞,草创于夏商,定型于西周的乡制,至清朝时发展成熟,同时向近代转型。学界对清代的乡是行政区划还是地理概念,长期争论不休。以南部县为实例的研究证明,明朝中后期至清朝大部分时间里,乡成为介于地理概念和行政区划之间的地域单位。清末新政时,成为正式的一级行政区划与机构。因此,片面地说清代的乡不是一个行政区划或者称之为地理或方位概念都是对清代乡制的简单化理解,甚至是误解。
Originated from the monarch Yao and Shun, the systems of countryside started in Xia and Shang dynasi- ties, formed in the Western Zhou, and became full-fledged in Qing dynasty while they were transformed to the mod- ern systems. Scholars have a long-term debate about whether the township of Qing dynasty is administrative division or geographic concept. All researches on Nanbu county prove that in the late Ming dynasty and most of time of the Qing dynasty, the systems of countrysides became a geographical unit between geographical concept and administra- tive division. At the time of the new deal of the late Qing dynasty, they became formal administrative districts and institutions. Therefore, it is simplisticly understanding and even misunderstanding if we just think that the systems of countrysides in Qing dynasty is not an administrative district or it is a geographic concept.
出处
《西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2013年第3期11-20,共10页
Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金西部项目(12XZS009)
国家社科基金重大项目(11&ZD093)
教育部规划基金西部边疆项目(11XJA770001)
省哲社重点研究基地西部区域文化中心项目(XBZX0906)
关键词
乡制
行政区划
地理概念
南部县
the systems of countryside
administrative division
geographic concept
Nanbu county
