摘要
基于2001—2011年中国31个省区的面板数据,考察了女性劳动参与率下降的原因,重点探讨了贸易开放的作用。在实证分析中为了有效控制变量的内生性,依据地理特征构造了工具变量。实证研究发现贸易开放对中国女性劳动参与率具有显著并稳健的负向效应,导致中国女性劳动参与率下降的主要因素还包括资本产出比的提高、城镇失业率的上升及步入婚姻,而增加职工平均工资和提高技术女性劳动力的比重则会促进女性劳动参与率的提高。从某种程度上说,女性作为弱势群体较难被包含在贸易开放利益之中,但这并不意味着要抑制贸易开放的发展,而是要趋利避害,综合实施各种措施,提高女性劳动参与率。因此,增加职工的平均工资收入及加大教育培训力度以增强女性劳动力的技术水平,并为之提供相应的制度保障具有尤为重要的政策含义。
Using China＇s panel data of 31provinces during 2001--2011, we analyze the factors affecting the decrease of the female labor force participation rate （FLFPR）, focusing on the role of trade openness. By constructing instrument variable in term of the geographic characteristics, we efficiently tackle the problem of endogeneity in the regressions. This paper finds that, trade openness has robustly and significantly negative effects on FLFPR. Such decrease can also be explained by improvement of returns on capital, increase of ur- ban unemployment rate and the marriage. While increase the worker＇s average wage and improve the proportion of skilled female labor could contribute to improving FLFPR. To some senses, female labor can easily be eliminated by the benefit of trade openness, but it dose not mean we should restrain the trade openness. So China should pay attention to the effect of trade openness on FLFPR and carry out some policies. Therefore, there are par- ticularly important policy implications to increase the worker＇s average wage, improve the educational level of female labor and provide corresponding institutional protection to their rights.
出处
《南开经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第4期139-152,共14页
Nankai Economic Studies
基金
教育部文科重点研究基地重大研究项目“金融危机对APEC影响”(项目编号,2009JJD790025)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(项目编号：NKZXB10058)的研究成果.
关键词
贸易开放
女性劳动力
劳动参与率
Trade Openness
Female Labor
Labor Force Participation Rate
