摘要
[Objective] The aim was to make full use of light-heat resources to expand the potato planting area on the base of ensuring the production of main grain crops and the limited arable land. [Methods] Through catch crops, multiple cropping and intercropping, new multiple planting patterns of potato with efficiency are constructed, for the purpose of increasing yield and benefit of potato. [Result] In irrigated plain and hill area, three new planting patterns such as autumn potato/rope-rice,winter potato-rice-autumn potato, and autumn（winter） potato-rice were constructed.In dry land of plain and hill area, three new planting patterns such as spring（winter）potato/maize/sweet potato, spring（winter） potato/maize-autumn potato, and wheat ＋ winter potato/maize/sweet potato were constructed. In plateau mountainous area, spring potato/maize was constructed. [Conclusion] With use of new planting patterns, the cropping index of new patterns was 200%-300%, while the accumulated temperature utilization was 68.9%-93.4%, light energy utilization was 0.98%-1.59% and straw utilization was 50%-100%. To compared with traditional planting patterns, the yield increased by 2.6%-93%, and benefit increased by 15.8%-284.3%. Furthermore,multiple planting patterns of potato have become main planting patterns in increasing yield and income in Sichuan.
[目的]在有限的耕地上,在基本不影响大宗粮食作物生产的前提下,利用0.5熟光热资源,扩大马铃薯种植面积。[方法]通过填闲复种和间套增种,分区构建马铃薯多季高效种植新模式,提高马铃薯单产和效益。[结果]在平原丘陵区稻田构建＂秋马铃薯/油菜-水稻＂、＂冬马铃薯-水稻-秋马铃薯＂和＂秋（冬）马铃薯-水稻＂等3种新模式;在平原丘陵区旱地构建＂春（冬）马铃薯/玉米/甘薯＂、＂春（冬）马铃薯/玉米-秋马铃薯＂和＂小麦＋冬马铃薯/玉米/甘薯＂等3种新模式;在高原山区构建＂春马铃薯/玉米＂新模式。[结论]新模式复种指数200%~300%,积温利用率68.9%~93.4%,光能利用率0.98%~1.59%,秸秆利用率50%~100%。与传统种植模式相比,新模式全年产量提高2.6%~93.0%,效益增加15.8%~284.3%。马铃薯多季高效种植模式已成为四川农作物增产增收的主体种植新模式。
基金
Supported by Special Fund of Sichuan Financial Genetic Engineering(2011QNJJ-019)
Science and Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province(2011NZ0068)
"12th Five-Year Plan" Breeding Project of Crops and Livestock of Sichuan Province(2011NZ0098-15)~~
