摘要
草原承包责任制的落实改变了草原上几千年的生产经营格局,使牧户成为草原资源利用的基本单元,解析牧户尺度草畜系统的耦合机制是实现牧区生态、社会可持续发展的重要科学基础。通过总结课题组近年的工作,并结合已有理论成果,分析表明:(1)牧户生产系统是草地农业生态系统的最小完整单元,完成了3个界面的主要过程;(2)牧户经营过程包含接羔、剪毛、售畜、购草等点式生产活动,放牧及其相关的线式生产活动,以及基础设施建设等非常规生产活动;(3)牧户尺度草畜系统的年内相悖性主要体现于年内节律非同步性,年际间牲畜数量稳定性与饲草资源波动性的矛盾是年际相悖性的主要体现,旱灾、雪灾等极端事件造成草畜供需关系的突发性失衡,这些过程主要发生于草地-家畜界面;(4)牲畜需求与草场供给节律的匹配、牧户生产周期、保畜优先策略是实现牧户尺度草畜系统耦合的主要途径,从点式、线式生产活动等维度进行适应性调节,其过程常发生于草畜-经营界面。
The implement of grassland contract responsibility system altered the management pattern in northern grassland of China which continued thousands of years, and household became the basic unit of grassland utilization and protection. The coupling mechanism of agro-grassland ecosystem on household scale was the scientific basic to develop grassland. The results showed that： （1） as the minimal integrity of agro-grassland ecosystem, familial ranchland management system accomplished three interface processes; （2） household management process included point production activities （lambing, shearing, selling, buy- ing and so on）, linear production activities （grazing and relative activities） and no fixed production activi- ties （infrastructure construction）; （3） the annual discordance was asynchronous in rhythm of grass supply and livestock demand; inter-annual discordance was contradictious between stability of livestock quantity and volatility of forage supply; Drought and snow disasters caused sudden unbalance of familial ranchland management system; （4） the coupling pathway of familial ranchland management system were rhythm matching, household production cycle, which occurs in animal-grass and management interface.
出处
《中国草地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期139-145,共7页
Chinese Journal of Grassland
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(70933004
71103185)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003019)
中央级公益性基本科研业务费(中国农业科学院草原研究所,1610332013013)
关键词
草原生产
草地农业系统
牧户生产系统
耦合机制
Grassland production
Agro-grassland ecosystem
Familial ranchland management system
Coupling mechanism
