摘要
蝗虫雌雄类群对地形响应的空间异质性格局,反映了蝗虫种群适应生境的多样性特征的资源协同进化机制。在2009年7—8月野外调查的基础上,借助GIS和S-PLUS软件,利用广义相加模型(GAM)研究了祁连山北坡黑河上游亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus asiaticus)雌虫与雄虫多度分布特征与海拔、坡向、坡度和剖面曲率等6类地形因子之间的关系。结果表明:亚洲小车蝗雌虫与雄虫具有不同的模型结构、模拟效果以及结果的稳定性,能够较好地体现二者所受地形因子影响的差异;各地形因子对亚洲小车蝗多度分布的影响不尽相同,海拔对亚洲小车蝗雌虫与雄虫多度的空间分布起主导控制作用,但雌虫在海拔梯度上的分布上限大于雄虫;剖面曲率和坡向因子分别对亚洲小车蝗雌虫与雄虫的多度分布起重要作用,雌虫主要分布在坡度高程变化率小的范围,雄虫主要集中在南坡与西南坡。亚洲小车蝗对生境选择的异质性属性,使雌雄蝗虫对各种地形要素响应的分布格局存在明显差异。
It is important to study how male and temate grasshoppers respond to topographyre duced environmental changes and to identify dominant topographic factors that affect the spatial distribution. The spatial heterogeneity pattern of male and female grasshoppers responding to ter rain reflects the resource coevolution mechanism that grasshoppers adapt to the diversity of habi tats. Through field survey from July to August, 2009, by using the GIS and SPLUS, we devel oped a GAM model for Oedaleus asiaticus in the upper reaches of Heihe River on the northern slope of Qilian Mountain. The topographic indices included elevation, direction, slope, position, profile and plane. The results showed that the structure and D2 values of models were different for male and female, so was the model stability in modeling, indicating their differences in response to the gradients of topographic indices. The gradient analysis in this model showed that male and female were distributed in a wide range of environments, in different gradients of elevation, di rection, slope, position, profile and plan, in all land positions. However, this did not mean that the distribution of male and female was equally affected by each factor, or had a uniform distribu tion probability in the whole environmental range. The GAM modeling results indicated that the distribution of male and female were mainly controlled by the elevation, but the upper limit of elevation for distribution of the female grasshopper was higher than that of the male. On the re gional distribution, there was higher abundance of the female in the whole region, but they were mainly located in the region with profile less than 0, and the male mainly concentrated in the south and southwest slopes. The heterogeneity attribute of O. asiaticus in selecting habitats madethe spatial pattern of male and female in the same terrain obviously different.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第11期3022-3028,共7页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(91125014
40971039)
甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1011FKCA157)资助
