摘要
将理论的起源追溯到《内经》是中医学学术史研究普遍采用的方法。本文以肝主疏泄与《内经》关系为例,采用知识考古学分析其研究方法,认为这种追溯实际上是一种历史虚构。故以金元社会文化、医学理论为背景,将朱震亨肝"司疏泄"理论要素拆分,分别讨论其来源及构建方法,结论认为,肝"司疏泄"不是一个独立理论,属于对于肾精"肾藏-肝疏-心控"理论的一个环节,是朱震亨采用程朱理学阴阳动静观、心性论、格致论的方法,在刘完素火热论、李东垣元气阴火论基础上,解决火热在杂病中的病机演变(伤阴)、治疗方法及生理基础等医学问题而提出的相火论、阳有余阴不足论的一个具体学说。
Tracing back to Huangdi＇s Canon of Medicine to study the origin for a TCM theory is a commonly used method in the study of the academic history of Chinese Medicine nowadays.Archaeology fact denies that the theory ＂liver governs smoothing and dispersing qi＂had its beginnings in Huangdi＇s Canon of Medicine,which is a consensus of the academia at present though it has been questioned over the past 20 years.The theory that＂liver governs smoothing and dispersing＂in Gezhi Yu Lun,Further Discourses on the Properties of Things written by Zhu Zhenheng in the Yuan Dynasty（1206-1368） is the first one that endows the liver with the function of smoothing and dispersing.The theory is not cited in the Canon of Medicine thus the formations of its objects,modalities,concepts and strategies should be analyzed in view of the knowledge,ideas and beliefs,or the discourses of the Yuan Dynasty.Elements mentioned in the theory should be separated and the sources and the methods of construction should be discussed one by one.The result is that what the liver soothes and disperses in Zhu Zhenheng＇s theory refers to essence – not qi in the modern Chinese theory and it is only a part of the mechanism of＂kidney storing,liver soothing,and heart governing＂theory by Zhu Zhenheng.Zhu Zhenheng reconstructed the fire theory that essence is stored in kidney,and motivated normally or abnormally by the ministerial fire in kidney and liver which is dominated by the monarch fire in heart after Liu Wansu whose theory is that six climatic exopathogens or five minds transform into fire and Li Dongyuan whose theory is that fire damages qi.The reconstructive strategies came from Yin and Yang dynamic contemplation,mind-nature theory of neo-Confucianism.
出处
《世界中医药》
CAS
2013年第9期1039-1043,1048,共6页
World Chinese Medicine
基金
国家重点基础研究发展(973)计划2011年项目(编号:2011cb505101)
关键词
朱震亨
肝主疏泄
理论研究
知识考古学
Zhu Zhenheng
Liver governs smoothing and dispersing qi
Theory research
Archaeology knowledge
