摘要
通过3年定位试验,研究不施氮肥、农民传统施氮、比传统施氮减量20%、减氮20%配合秸秆还田、减氮20%施用包膜尿素处理对玉米年际产量、植株氮吸收、土壤养分变化及N2O排放的影响。结果表明:包膜尿素处理产量最高,比空白处理增产18.50%,比产量次高的秸秆还田处理仅增产0.51%,二个处理间产量差异不显著;包膜尿素处理和秸秆还田处理可增加植株氮的吸收固定;秸秆还田处理的肥料利用率和植株总氮积累量高于包膜尿素处理,但其氮收获指数最低,为0.606,从注重品质角度,包膜尿素处理的效果略好于秸秆还田处理;各施肥处理都比空白处理提高了土壤主要养分含量,但从有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量提升综合评价,包膜尿素处理和秸秆还田处理对土壤的培肥作用好于农民习惯施肥处理;秸秆还田处理的N2O-N季节排放总量和排放系数都最高,分别为N 1.50 kg·hm-2·季-1和0.27。因此,从保产稳产、培肥地力、提升品质、减少N2O排放综合考虑,建议推广比农民习惯施肥量减少氮量20%的包膜尿素一次性施入在玉米生产中的应用。
The effects of no nitrogen fertilization （CK）,farmers＇ conventional N fertilization （FP）,optimized N fertilization （OPT）,optimized N fertilization with straw returning （OPTS） and coated urea fertilization （CRF） on maize inter-annual yield,plant N uptake and change of soil nutrition and N2 O emission were investigated from 2009 ～ 2011.The results showed that the average highest maize yield of 3 years was that of CRF treatment,18.50％ higher than that of CK.As to yield,there was no significant difference between CRF and OPTS.Compared with FP,20％ N fertilizer reduced CRF and OPTS lowed the N fertilizer application as well as increased the plant N uptake.Although both nitrogen use efficiency and average total N of plant of OPTS were higher than those of CRF,average nitrogen harvest index of OPTS was 0.606,the lowest,which means more N was absorbed by nutritorium rather than seeds.Main soil nutrition of all fertilizer application treatments increased than that of CK.The effect on soil fertility of CRF and OPTS were better than that of FP.Average seasonal total N2O fluxes and N2O emission factors of OPTS was highest,N 1.50 kg · hm-2season-1 and 0.27.Therefore,coated urea reduction application was proposed to apply in maize.
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期17-21,共5页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
农业部农业公益性行业科研专项经费项目"农业源温室气体监测与控制技术研究"(201103039)
农业部农业公益性行业科研专项经费项目"环渤海区域农业碳氮平衡定量评价及调控技术研究"(200803036)
关键词
氮肥
玉米
产量
氮吸收
土壤养分
N2O排放
N application
maize
yield
N uptake
soil nutrition
N2O emission
