摘要
交通是影响旅游流时空分布的最主要因素之一。文章以京沪高铁线为例,运用旅游场理论和社会网络分析方法,比较京沪高铁开通前后9个主要高铁站点的旅游流时空分布变化特征。研究表明:高铁开通强化了北京、上海和南京等重要旅游客源地和目的地的领先地位,呈现出高铁旅游流的"马太效应";高铁促使靠近重要旅游目的地的竞争处于劣势的旅游地旅游流呈现"过道效应";高铁促使空间距离临近的两个城市的旅游流呈现"同城效应";高铁提升原本缺乏区位优势的旅游资源型站点的可进入性,同时对区域核心城市的交通依赖程度明显下降;高铁的时空压缩效应缩短旅途时间,可实现小长假的远程旅游,双休日的中程旅游,一定程度上避免了中远程旅游对黄金周的依赖,从而缓解出游时间的集中性,提高了旅游质量。
Tourist flow is a concept within tourism geography that examines spatial attributes. It is the focal point of the tourism system, and reflects the travel pattern of tourists within a region. Transportation is the most significant factor influencing the time and space distribution of tourist flow. The high-speed railway （HSR） is an important milestone in today＇ s ＂ transport revolution＂. It is the most effective way of providing rapid transport for large numbers of passengers in large channels. The development of HSR is now a global phenomenon and is a notable factor influencing tourist flow. High-speed rail has speed, safety and efficiency advantages that produce a ＂ time-space compression＂ effect. This will allow the tourist travel radius to gradually increase, having a knock-on effect on tourism destination choice, and a long-term impact on the regional tourism spatial pattern. This paper examines nine main stations on the Beijing-Shanghai HSR through field and social network analysis to compare tourist flow time-space distribution pre- and post-HSR. Tourist travel blogs uploaded to the Chinese Web 2.0 self-help website ＂Youdodo Travel Network＂ were used to identify the tourist destination choice, tourism spatial behavior and travel time. This study found that Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing were strengthened as tourist origins and destinations, demonstrating a HSR tourism flow ＂ Matthew effect＂ （accumulated advantage）. HSR prompts being close to the important tourism destinations and tourism competition in inferior HSR. The accumulation field and degree centrality coefficients were relatively small, and decreased after HSR implementation, demonstrating a tourist flow accumulation ＂ aisle effect＂ HSR prompts the ＂ urban integration effects＂ of tourist flow between two cities located in relatively close proximity to each other. Geographical distances from Beijing to Tianjin, Shanghai to Nanjing, and Shanghai to Suzhou are relatively small and there was a strong social network of tourist flow between these cities prior to the arrival of HSR. Since the implementation of HSR, travel flows increased and the social network upgraded to the highest position, demonstrating HSR ＂urban integration effects＂. HSR enhanced the accessibility to regions that had a locational disadvantage in respect to their tourism resources and hence enhanced the attraction of these places and dramatically decreasing their dependencies on their core city. The HSR ＂time-space compression effect＂ significantly shortened travel times. From the time distribution of tourist flow, the HSR ＂time-space compression effect＂ made it possible to visit far-distance destinations over a three-day period, and medium-distance destinations over a weekend, reducing the medium-distance journeys under taken during the China＇ s ＂golden week＂ HSR both relieved the burden of travel times and improved the quality of travel. Prior to HSR, long-distance tourists tended to travel during the ＂golden week＂ and summer or winter vacations. After the HSR opened, short-stay holidays and weekend travel increased. HSR realized a tourist shift and achieved the target of ＂ cutting the peak to fill the valley＂. Limited by data, this paper only analyzed the time and space distribution characteristics of tourist flows by train and HSR. Future research will expand the perspective of air, train, car and high-speed rail transportation system, and will consider the surrounding areas influenced by HSR.
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
2014年第1期75-82,共8页
Tourism Tribune
基金
国家自然科学基金(41271134)
教育部人文社会科学研究基金(10YJC790245)共同资助~~
关键词
旅游流
时空分布
高铁效应
京沪高铁
tourist flow
time-space distribution
HSR effects
Beijing-Shanghai HSR
