摘要
溜砂坡灾害是我国西部山区一种常见的地质灾害,属于广义滑坡中一种特殊类型。我国西藏东南部的溜砂灾害十分发育,危害严重。典型的溜砂坡通常经历碎屑和砂粒的产生、溜动以及在坡脚堆积三个过程。在溜砂坡的形成过程中除重力作用外,发挥主导作用的是物理风化作用。同时,溜砂坡是特殊的环境条件下的产物,研究区溜砂坡多发生于6 000年BP以来,对应于中国石笋记录的季风区在早全新世以来降雨量的减小,是对全球气候变化的响应。溜砂坡可按其砂源形成模式、发育地貌部位与溜砂特征分为原生型溜砂坡和再生型溜砂坡两大类。其中原生型溜砂坡适宜采用避让与清除、排砂工程与拦砂工程等措施,而再生型溜砂坡则应采用砂源区控制工程、固砂工程及拦砂工程等措施。
The sand-sliding slope is a common geo-hazard in the mountain areas of western China,it belongs to one special type of the generalized definition of landslide. In South-East Tibet,the sand-sliding slope is characterized by wide distribution and serious damage. Development of the typical sand-sliding slope usually consists of three processes including the generation of debris and sand,sliding and deposit at the foot of slope. During the development of the sand-sliding slope,the dominant factors are composed not only of the gravitational force but also of the physical weathering. The sand-sliding slope is the productions under the specific environmental conditions,in research area,most of the sand-sliding slope occurred from the 6 ka BP,and the time represents the rainfall decreases in the monsoon region since the early Holocene,which is recorded by the Chinese stalagmite,as well as it responds to the global climate change. According to the mode of sand source formation,the development position of geomorphy and the characteristics of sliding sand,the sand-sliding slope could be classified into two types including the primitive type and the self-reorganization type. Some measures such as avoidance,mucking,sand draining, sand retaining etc. should be taken for the primitive type,as for the self-reorganization type,the effective measures are made up of control engineering in sand source area,sand consolidating and sand retaining and so on.
出处
《灾害学》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期47-51,共5页
Journal of Catastrophology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40971015)
国家科技支撑计划专题项目(2012BAK10B02-4)
国家重点基础研究发展计划("九七三"计划)(2013CB733205)
关键词
溜砂坡
物理风化
原生型
再生型
藏东南
sand-sliding slope
physical weathering
primitive type
self-reorganization type
South-East Tibet
