摘要
分期是历史研究的重要内容,也是在总体上理解和把握历史的关键。在过去的一百多年里,中国史学界在中国历史分期的研究上经历了两次转型。第一次发生在19世纪末至20世纪初,由传统朝代史编纂模式转向线性进步分段论,近代西方的历史三分理论逐渐为中国学术界所接受。其中,日本史学界关于中国历史分期的理论和实践对转型起了至关重要的作用。以西方的分期理论为基础,以民族国家的发展为主要线索,出现了不同的分期理论和实践,也有批判性的反思。第二次转型发端于20世纪20-30年代的社会史大论战,到50年代末正式完成。在这次向马克思主义史观转变的过程中,以社会经济形态为分期依据的社会发展阶段论最终确立,其中苏联化的马克思主义理论起到了至关重要的作用。随着五种生产方式分期体系的确立,研究的重点也由分期理论选择之争转向马克思主义内部如何分期的讨论。历史分期的转型切合了近现代中国发展的需要,具有一定的必然性,对中国发展道路的选择和学科建设都产生了重要影响,提供了一些值得认真反思的经验。
As an important part of historical studies, periodization is essential in understanding history in general. There had been two transitions in Chinese history in terms of periodization in the past over one hundred years. The first occurred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when modern Western progressive linear tripartite division of history via Japan took the place of the traditional Chinese historical compilation practices based on dynasties. During this process, the theory and practice of Japanese on Chinese history periodization played a decisive role, through which Chinese historians developed many theories by copying, imitating, or transforming, though not without insightful critics or alternative practices. The second transition, which was diverted to the Marxist historical periodization, germinated in the Chinese social history controversy in the late 1920s and early 1930s, and established itself after the socialist transformation in the late 1950s, surviving till today. In the making of the new scheme of periodization of the Chinese history in terms of social development theory, the Soviet version of Marxism is indispensable. With the establishment of the periodization system on the five modes of production the-ory, the emphasis on the research in Chinese historical periodization changed from the controversy of theory selection to the debate among Chinese Marxist historians. The two transitions are inevitable and in coincide with the theme of modern China, i. e. , to build an independent, prosperous, and modern nation. It influenced to some extent not only the path selection of China, but also the making of historical discipline, bequeathing some lessons worthy of intensive reflection.
出处
《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第1期108-121,共14页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"早期基督教史学研究"(13JJD770004)
关键词
中国历史
分期研究
学术转型
the Chinese history
periodization
transition
