摘要
目的了解上海市0～14岁儿童哮喘的患病现状、特点及影响疾病的相关因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法，于2010年9-12月抽取上海7个行政区13500名0～14岁儿童作为调查对象，通过发放问卷及现场问诊、体检的方式完成调查。分析儿童哮喘患病现状及临床特点，并采用Logistic回归方法分析影响哮喘发生的主要因素。结果共发放儿童哮喘初筛问卷13500份，实际回收有效问卷13179份，初筛问卷应答率97．62％，其中男性7054名，女性6125名；最终确诊哮喘患儿998例（7．57％），其中男性患病率为8．48％（598／7054），显著高于女性（400／6125，6．53％，x2=17．75，P〈0．001）；患病率较高的年龄段集中在3—8岁，哮喘患儿（545例）占该年龄段儿童（5212例）的10．46％，54．61％（545／998）的患儿首次发病在3岁以内；呼吸道感染（838例，84．97％）是哮喘发作的首位诱因；男性（OR＝0．25，95％CI：0．12～0．45），有家族过敏性疾病史（OR=2．65，95％CI：1．27～5．55），有个人过敏性疾病史（OR=9．57，95％CI：4．59～19．97），早期使用抗生素（OR=0．61，95％CI：0．49～0．83）是儿童哮喘发生的危险因素。确诊患儿中，463例（46．39％）患儿使用过吸人激素，740例（74．15％）患儿使用过支气管舒张剂。结论上海儿童哮喘患病率较10年前的4．52％显著升高，其发病与患儿性别，家族过敏史，个人过敏性疾病史及抗生素的使用有关。
Objective To find out the prevalence of childhood （0 - 14 years old） asthma in Shanghai, to investigate the clinieal characteristics and risk factors of asthma, and to assess the influence of asthma on patients and their families. Method From September to December in 2010, 7 districts of Shanghai were selected by clustered sampling, totally 13 500 children aged 0 - 14 years were included in this survey. The investigation included questionnaires to parents and field survey, according to the information from questionnaires, the prevalence of asthma and clinical characteristics were analyzed, and the risk factors of asthma were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Result Totally 13 179 questionnaires were availahle, the response rate was 97. 62%. Among them 998 （7.57%） children were diagnosed as asthma （including 895 cases of typical asthma and 103 cases of cough variant asthma） , of whom 766 （76. 75% ） eases had asthmatic symptoms in the past 2 years, the current two year prevalence of asthma was 5.81%. The prevalence in boys was 8.48% （598/7 054） which was much higher than that in girls （6. 53% , 400/6 125, X2 = 17.75 ,P 〈0. 001 ）. The children aged 3 -8 years had higher prevalence （ 10. 46% ） , and more than half of the children （545 cases, 54.61% ） had the first onset before 3 years of age. Respiratory tract infection was the most common trigger for the development of asthma （838 eases, 84. 97% ）. Male （ OR = 0. 25,95 % （3： 0. 12 - 0. 45 ） , genetic factors （ OR = 2. 65, 95 % CI： 1.27 - 5.55 ） , personal historyof allergic diseases（ OR =9. 57,95% CI： 4.59 -19.97） , and antibiotics exposure in early life（ OR =0. 61, 95% CI： O. 49 -0. 83 ）would increase the risk of asthma onset. Among asthmatic children, 463 （46.39%） cases had been treated with inhaled cortieosteroids, and 740 （74. 15% ）cases had been treated with bronehodilator. In 501 cases of school-age children＇s attendance time had been influenced because of their disease ; 2.51% of parents could not work normally. Conclusion There has been a significantly increasing trend of asthma prevalence during the past ten years, sex, family history of allergic diseases, personal history. of allergic diseases and antibiotics exposure in early life are risk factors which would influence on the asthma onset. Education on and management of asthma are essential for asthma prevention.
出处
《中华儿科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期17-22,共6页
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics
关键词
儿童
哮喘
患病率
Child
Asthma
Prevalence
