摘要
近年来,随着生化技术的进步与发展,耐盐嗜盐菌的成功分离、培养、驯化使得采用生化方法处理浓盐废水成为可能。然而,不难看出,由于耐盐嗜盐菌的环境适应性有一定限度,仍然有大量的浓盐废水面临有效处理的难题。只有将浓盐废水中的COD去除,同时将浓盐水的可溶性盐类物质分离处理,才是浓盐废水的最终处置目标,才能更多地回收利用水资源。本文阐述了化工生产中高盐废水的来源及其形成机制,并着重分析了化工废水处理过程中浓盐废水的形成。浓盐废水经多效蒸发、膜蒸馏等工艺处理后,将产生高盐废水。高盐废水可以采用焚烧工艺、蒸发浓缩-冷结晶工艺技术进行盐类物质的分离处理。基于高盐废水中可溶性盐对温度不敏感的情况,提出了蒸发-热结晶的工艺技术。该工艺可以用来处理所有高盐废水,基本实现了高盐废水中可溶性盐类的全部分离,解决了其他工艺技术分离高盐废水中盐类物质效率低的问题。
With the development of biological technology in recent years , it is possible that concentrated wastewater can be treated with biological process as a result of successfully cultivating, domesticating salt-tolerant bacteria. However,it is very difficult for a large amount of concentrated wastewater to be effectively treated by biological process due to the limitation of environmental adaptability of salt-tolerant bacteria. The decrease of COD and separation of inorganic salts from concentrated wastewater are ultimate goals. Only under this condition,a much larger amount of water be recovered. Different sources and formation mechanisms of concentrated wastewater were introduced. At the same time, the formation of high-salt wastewater during the treatment of chemical wastewater was analyzed. High-salt wastewater was generated after concentrated wastewater was treated by multi-effect evaporation or membrane distillation. The incineration and cooling crystallization processes can be used for treating high-salt wastewater. Because the crystallization of some soluble salts in high-salt wastewater is insensitive to the decrease of temperature,an evaporation-thermal crystallization process is advised for highly efficient separation of soluble salts from high-salt wastewater instead of the traditional evaporation-cooling crystallization process.
出处
《化工进展》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期493-497,515,共6页
Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC06B05)
关键词
浓盐废水
高盐废水
脱盐
蒸发浓缩-冷却结晶工艺
蒸发-热结晶工艺
salt-concentrated wastewater
high-salt wastewater
desalination
evaporation-cooling crystallization process
evaporation-thermal crystallization process
