摘要
目的：研究下颌管在牙槽吸收及牙槽未吸收情况下的位置，为临床义齿种植及保护下牙槽神经提供解剖学依据。方法：选用下颌骨15例（其中牙槽吸收5例），固定后下颌标本10例，解剖后测量管嵴距、下颌管外侧缘到颊、舌侧骨板的距离，下牙槽神经在下颌管内的走行、长度、外径、位置、毗邻关系等。结果：下颌管的横截面呈不规则椭圆形，自起始处到颏孔由舌侧向颊侧移行。骨质逐渐变薄，近颏孔处无完整骨膜包绕。下颌管距各牙根（即牙槽底）的距离分别为切牙12．57mm，侧切牙10．06mm，尖牙9．28rnln，第2前磨牙8．04mm，第2磨牙7．59mm。下牙槽神经管外段长25．93mm，管内段长67．97mm，人下颌孔处宽2．58mill，厚I．86ITlln。结论：义齿种植手术中按正确的解剖位置及深度进行种植可避免下牙槽神经的损伤；牙槽吸收的程度对牙槽重建所需的骨量、重建后种植的方式也具有提示意义。
ObjectiVe： To study the location of the mandibular canal under the condition of alveolar unresorption and alveolar resorption and to provide the anatomical evidence for protecting the inferior alveolar nerve in clinic dentures implantation. Methods： Totally 15 mandible bones （5 of which were alveolar resorption） and 10 lower mandible specimens were used. The distance of mandibular canal to the alveolar border, the distance between the exterior margin of the mandibular canal and the buccal side or the lingual side of the mandibular plate were also measured. The course, length, diameter, localization and adjacent relation of the inferior alveolar nerve inside and outside the inferior dental canal were observed. Results： The cross section of the mandibular canal appeared oval. The canal was getting away from the lingual side and getting close to the buccal side along the course from its origin to the mental foramen. The sclerotin of the canal was thinner even more without periosteum surrounding around near the mental foramen. The distance from the mandibular canal to the dental root （alveolar fundus） of different teeth was as follows： 12.57 mm to central incisor, 10.06 mm to lateral incisor, 9.28 mm to cuspid teeth, 8.04 mm to second premolar, and 7.59 mm to second molar. The length of the inferior alveolar nerve outside and inside of the mandibular canal was 25.93 mm and 67.97 mm respectively. The width and thickness of the inferior alveolar nerve at inferior dental foramen was 2.58 mm and 1..86 mm respectively. Conclusion： Choosing appropriate anatomical location and depth in dentures implantation can avoid injury of the inferior alveolar nerve. It is important to measure the extent of alveolar resorption for implantation after reconstruction of the dental alveoli.
出处
《解剖学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期75-78,共4页
Chinese Journal of Anatomy
关键词
下颌管
下牙槽神经
牙槽吸收
义齿种植
mandibular eannal
inferior alveolar nerve
alveolar resorption
denture implantation
